THE VALUE OF SAINTLINESS
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Herbert Spencer tells us that the perfect man’s conduct will
appear perfect only when the environment is perfect: to no inferior
environment is it suitably adapted. We may paraphrase this by
cordially admitting that saintly conduct would be the most per-
fect conduct conceivable in an environment where all were saints
already; but by adding that in an environment where few are
saints, and many the exact reverse of saints, it must be ill adapted.
We must frankly confess, then, using our empirical common sense
and ordinary practical prejudices, that in the world that actually is,
the virtues of sympathy, charity, and non-resistance may be, and
often have been, manifested in excess. The powers of darkness
have systematically taken advantage of them. The whole modern
scientific organization of charity is a consequence of the failure
of simply giving alms. The whole history of constitutional govern-
ment is a commentary on the excellence of resisting evil, and when
one cheek is smitten, of smiting back and not turning the other
cheek also.
You will agree to this in general, for in spite of the Gospel, in
spite of Quakerism, in spite of Tolstoi, you believe in fighting fire
with fire, in shooting down usurpers, locking up thieves, and freez-
ing out vagabonds and swindlers.
And yet you are sure, as I am sure, that were the world confined
to these hard-headed, hard-hearted, and hard-fisted methods exclus-
ively, were there no one prompt to help a brother first, and find
out afterwards whether he were worthy; no one willing to drown
his private wrongs in pity for the wronger’s person; no one ready
to be duped many a time rather than live always on suspicion; no
one glad to treat individuals passionately and impulsively rather
than by general rules of prudence; the world would be an infinitely
worse place than it is now to live in. The tender grace, not of a day
that is dead, but of a day yet to be born somehow, with the golden
rule grown natural, would be cut out from the perspective of our
imaginations.
The saints, existing in this way, may, with their extravagances
of human tenderness, be prophetic. Nay, innumerable times they
have proved themselves prophetic. Treating those whom they met,
in spite of the past, in spite of all appearances, as worthy, they have
stimulated them to be worthy, miraculously transformed them by
their radiant example and by the challenge of their expectation.
278
THE VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE
From this point of view we may admit the human charity which
we find in all saints, and the great excess of it which we find in
some saints, to be a genuinely creative social force, tending to
make real a degree of virtue which it alone is ready to assume as
possible. The saints are authors, auctores, increasers, of goodness. The
potentialities of development in human souls are unfathomable.
So many who seemed irretrievably hardened have in point of fact
been softened, converted, regenerated, in ways that amazed the
subjects even more than they surprised the spectators, that we never
can be sure in advance of any man that his salvation by the way
of love is hopeless. We have no right to speak of human crocodiles
and boa-constrictors as of fixedly incurable beings. We know not
the complexities of personality, the smouldering emotional fires,
the other facets of the character-polyhedron, the resources of the
subliminal region. St. Paul long ago made our ancestors familiar
with the idea that every soul is virtually sacred. Since Christ died for
us all without exception, St. Paul said, we must despair of no one.
This belief in the essential sacredness of every one expresses itself
to-day in all sorts of humane customs and reformatory institutions,
and in a growing aversion to the death penalty and to brutality in
punishment. The saints, with their extravagance of human tender-
ness, are the great torch-bearers of this belief, the tip of the wedge,
the clearers of the darkness. Like the single drops which sparkle
in the sun as they are flung far ahead of the advancing edge of a
wave-crest or of a flood, they show the way and are forerunners.
The world is not yet with them, so they often seem in the midst of
the world’s affairs to be preposterous. Yet they are impregnators
of the world, vivifiers and animaters of potentialities of goodness
which but for them would lie forever dormant. It is not possible
to be quite as mean as we naturally are, when they have passed
before us. One fire kindles another; and without that over-trust in
human worth which they show, the rest of us would lie in spiritual
stagnancy.
Momentarily considered, then, the saint may waste his tenderness
and be the dupe and victim of his charitable fever, but the general
function of his charity in social evolution is vital and essential. If
things are ever to move upward, some one must be ready to take the
first step, and assume the risk of it. No one who is not willing to try
charity, to try non-resistance as the saint is always willing, can tell