618
mamac qarTvel Tavadze. sabolood is gaaTavisufles da dabrunda ukve
sabWoTa saqarTveloSi, cxovrobda TbilisSi siRaribeSi, sikvdilamde
1933 w.
Tavadi loris melikovi (meliqiSvili) Loris
Melikov (Melikishvili) (18251888 ww.), qarTulsomxuri
warmoSobis saxelmwifo moRvawe ruseTSi.
daibada TbilisSi 1825 wels da ganaTleba miiRo
peterburgSi. is xSirad ambobda, rom iyo qarTveli
Tavadi, somexi gregoriani da rusi generali.
ruseTTurqeTis omis Semdeg 187778 ww. loris
melikovi gaxda droebiTi mefisnacvali volgis
regionSi, sadac Wiris epidemia mZvinvarebda.
zomebi, romelic man miiRo, imdenad efeqtiani iyo,
rom igi gadaiyvanes centraluri ruseTis provinciebSi, rom ebrZola
nihilistebisa da anarqistebis terorTan. man warmatebas miaRwia da
dainiSna ruseTis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrad 1880 wels. imperator
aleqsandre IIis mkvlelobis Semdeg misma memkvidrem aleqsandre IIIm
airCia reaqcioneruli politika da grafi lorismelikovi gadadga.
noe Jordania Noe Zhordania (18681953 ww.) iyo demokratiuli
saqarTvelos da imperiuli ruseTis socialdemokratiuli partiis
menSeviki politikuri moRvawe. man ganaTleba miiRo varSavis
veterinarul institutSi 1891 wels, sadac Camoyalibda cnobil
marqsistad. ruseTis socialdemokratiuli muSaTa partiis me2
kongresze igi Sevida centralur komitetSi. 1906 wels airCies ruseTis
saxelmwifo dumaSi da gaxda dumis socialdemokratiuli fraqciis
spikeri. 1917 wlis revoluciis Semdeg is dabrunda saqarTveloSi da
gaxda im parlamentis Tavmjdomare, romelmac gamoacxada saqarTvelos
damoukidebloba 1918 wlis maisSi. 1918 wlis ivlisidan sabWoTa
okupaciamde iyo demokratiuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomare.
gardaicvala emigraciaSi parizSi.
nikoloz (karlo) CxeiZe Nikoloz (Karlo) Chkheidze
(18641926 ww.) iyo qarTveli menSeviki politikosi,
romelic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobda ruseTis
revoluciebSi 1917 wels. ruseTis socialdemok
ratiuli fraqciis liderebi ruseTis saxelmwifo
dumaSi 1907 wlidan 1916 wlamde qarTveli poli
tikosebi iyvnen: noe Jordania, karlo CxeiZe, akaki
Cxenkeli, kaki wereTeli, noe ramiSvili Noe Jordania,
Karlo Chkheidze, Akakai Ckhenkeli, Kaki Tsereteli, Noe
619
Ramishvili. 1917 wels, ruseTis Tebervlis revoluciis dros, CxeiZe
gaxda petrogradis sabWos Tavmjdomare (anu pirveli `prezidenti~).
rodesac 1917 wlis oqtomberSi bolSevikebma xelSi Caigdes Zalaufleba
ruseTSi, CxeiZe SvebulebaSi iyo Tavis mSobliur saqarTveloSi. igi
darCa saqarTveloSi da gaxda amierkavkasiis seimis Tavmjdomare
1918 wlis TebervalSi da maisSi is airCies axlad gamocxadebuli
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis parlamentis Tavmjdomared.
sabWoTa okupaciis Semdeg wavida emigraciaSi parizSi, sanam sicocxle
TviTmkvlelobiT ar daasrula 1926 wels.
irakli wereTeli Irakli Tsereteli (18811959 ww.) iyo ruseTis social
demokratiuli partiis erTerTi lideri da qarTveli menSeviki.
swavlobda moskovis universitetSi samarTals, sadac is CaerTo
revoluciur moZraobebSi da 5 weli gadasaxlebaSi gaatara cimbirSi.
is petrogradSi dabrunda Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg, romelsac
xelmZRvanelobda petrogradis sabWo (karlo CxaiZe) da SeuerTda
kerenskis droebiT mTavrobas, rogorc Sinagan saqmeTa ministri.
oqtombris revoluciis Semdeg leninma brZana wereTlis dakaveba.
is saqarTveloSi rCeboda, rogorc saqarTvelos demokratiuli
respublikis parlamentis wevri (19181921 ww.). rodesac 1921 wels
saqarTvelo okupaciaSi moeqca ruseTis wiTeli armiis mier, wereTeli
emigraciaSi wavida safrangeTSi, mogvianebiT SeerTebul StatebSi,
sadac gardaicvala 1959 wels.
Tavadi varlam CerqeziSvili (Cerqezovi) Prince Varlam Cherkezishvili
(Cherkezov) (184625 ww.) SeuerTda saidumlo revoluciur moZraobas
peterburgSi 1864 wels. karakozovis Tavdasxmis Semdeg aleqsandre
IIze 1886 wels Cerqezovi daapatimres, radgan `icoda da ar acnoba
SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb~ da patimroba miusajes. 1869 wels is dabrunda
moskovSi, sadac miemxro bakuninis anarqistul ideebs da mniSvnelovan
rols TamaSobda neCaevis organizaciaSi. 1871 wels neCaevis mimdevrebis
sasamarTlo procesze mas gadasaxleba miusajes cimbirSi. 1876 wels
gadasaxlebidan gaiqca londonSi. JenevaSi is gaxda kropotkinis axlo
megobari. 188081 wwSi muSaobda anarqistuli internacionalis parizis
da Jenevis seqciebSi. 1903 wels parizSi Cerqezovi anarqistebis saxeliT
oponirebas uwevda debatebSi lenins agrarul sakiTxze. rogorc
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis damcvelma, 1907 wels man gaakeTa
gansakuTrebuli deklaracia mSvidobis ligis haagis konferenciaze.
1917 wels is dabrunda ruseTSi da male datova saqarTvelos gamo,
sadac is cxovrobda wiTeli armiis mier mis okupaciamde (1921 wlis
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TebervalSi). sabWoebis gamarjveba misTvis didi tragedia iyo. 1921
wels is emigraciaSi londonSi wavida.
merab kvitaSvili Merab Kvitashili saqarTvelodan emigraciaSi wavida
did britaneTSi 1919 wels, sadac Seicvala saxeli da gvari da gaxda
nikolas qei Nicolas Kay. cota xnis Semdeg, is jarSi gaiwvia britaneTis
dazvervam da sabWoTa kavSiris sakiTxebSi CerCilis konsultanti
gaxda. man monawileoba miiRo 1943 wels TeiranSi stalinis, CerCilisa
da ruzveltis SexvedraSi. Tavis memuarebSi is werda, rom mas SeeZlo
gaego stalinisa da berias qarTuli saubari. beriam es maleve SeamCnia
da piradad hkiTxa: vin iyo? pirdapiri pasuxis Tavidan acilebis
miuxedavad, meore dRes beriam mTeli misi biografia icoda.
stalinis piradi dacva mTlianad qarTvelebisgan Sedgeboda.
erTxel, konferenciis darbazis SesasvlelSi, sadac msoflio
mniSvnelobis sakiTxebi wydeboda, piradi dacvis sami wevri iyo: ori
stalinis mcveli, generlebi Salva wereTeli da kapitani naWyebia da
merab kvitaSvili (nikolas qei), amas garda, ori qarTvelic oTaxSi
iyo – stalini da beria. yvela maTgani sruli ndobiT sargeblobda,
arc erT maTgans ar Cxrekdnen konferenciis SesasvlelSi da yvelgan
Sesvlis ufleba hqondaT. rodesac samive saxelmwifos xelmZRvaneli
gamovida saTaTbiro oTaxidan, dacvis samive oficeri raRac xumrobaze
icinoda. CerCili cnobismoyvareobam Seipyro da dainteresda, Tu ra
xumrobaze icinodnen. merabma uTxra, rom xumroba qarTul enaze iyo, da
CerCilma Tqva: `vxedav, rom irgvliv sul qarTvelebi gvyavs~. CerCili
dainteresda saqarTvelos istoriiT da kvitaSvilis istoriuli
moTxrobebis wakiTxvis Semdeg gaocebuli darCa, rom ugunurobaa
iocnebo Zveli, magram patara saqarTvelos aRdgenaze, roca qarTvelebi
ukve msoflioSi udidesi imperiis saTaveebSi dganano.
zogi wyaros mixedviT, misi naTesavi zinaida kvitaSvili iyo leninis
piradi mdivani dawyebuli oqtombris revoluciamde didi xniT adre
bolo dReebamde, rodesac nadeJda krupskaia da is
leninis cxedars saflavamde gahyvnen.
ahmet ozkani (melaSvili) Ahmet Özkan (Melashvili)
(19221980 ww.), eTnikurad qarTveli inteleqtuali
da kulturis moRvawe TurqeTSi, romelic
cdilobda SeenarCunebina qarTuli identoba,
magram mokles Turqma radikalma nacionalistebma.
ahmet ozkani daibada balikeSirSi, qarTveli
muhajirebis ojaxSi. miiRo ganaTleba stambolis
universitetSi 1962 wels, 1968 wels man gamosca
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