Azərbaycan miLLİ elmlər akademiyasi nəSİMİ adına DİLÇİLİK İnstitutu

BABA MƏHƏRRƏMLİ 
 
 
дование показывает, что для проведения комплексного 
этимологиического  анализа  тюркских  корней  слов  не-
достаточно фактов и источников, имеющихся в тюркс-
ких языках. Необходимо воспользоваться аналогичны-
ми  языковыми  фактами  в  неродственных  языках.  Для 
ранних  периодов  образования  первичных  корней  слов 
более  характерны  скорее  полисинтетичность,  омони-
мия.  В  корневых  морфемах  семантическое  развитие 
шло  от  конкретности  к  абстрактности:  абстрактные 
понятия сложились в человеческом мышлении позже. 
 
 
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TÜRK DİLLƏRİNİN QƏDİM LEKSİKASI 
 
 
 
Baba Maharramli 
 
THE ANCIENT VOCABULARY OF 
TURKIC LANGUAGES 
 
SUMMARY 
 
In the research work had been determined the struc-
ture of word-roots and the causes of morphonological 
changes of the root morphemes. On the basis of the abun-
dant facts have been reconstructed the archetypes of some 
word-roots and the classification of ancient word-forms has 
been presented. In the monograph also have been compre-
hensively analysed the investigations connected  with the 
root words in world linguistics and Turkology. 
The archetypal structure of the word-roots in the Tur-
kic languages was in the forms V, CVC, CV, VC, i. e. it 
was based on monosyllabic model. In the formation of the 
archetypal word-roots the factor of onomatopoeia had 
played a special role. Thus, the majority of archetypal 
words were formed in the result of onomatopoeia. This fact 
is also proved by phonosemantic essence of language. 
From the other side in the archetypal language firstly were 
formed not words but sounds. Proceeding from the aforesa-
id factors it should be necessary to touch the problem of 
word-roots from the point of view of general linguistics. 
So, the existence of analogous word-roots in languages be-
longing to different systems proves their common origin. 
The word-roots of Turkic languages according to their ori-
 
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BABA MƏHƏRRƏMLİ 
 
 
gin may be divided into two groups: nostratic roots and the 
roots of purely Turkic origin. 
Nostratic roots are common word-roots  revealed in 
typologically different languages. The words of purely Tur-
kic origin are common roots which are preserved only in 
the written monuments of Turkic languages and at the mo-
dern stage of their development. Turkic word-roots at the 
stage of transition from amorphous to agglutinative had 
undergone phonosemantic divergence, morphological and 
morphonological changes. At this stage of development 
some roots of the words had kept their independent mea-
nings but others had lost their semantics. One of the specif-
ic peculiarities of ancient root-morphemes of Turkic lan-
guages is their syncretism and the other feature is multiva-
rience. 
The investigation shows that very often a word which 
is archaic or dead in one Turkic language had kept its inde-
pendence in the other Turkic language or dialects. Thus, a 
word estimated as a simple in one Turkic language from 
synchronic point of view, in the other Turkic language is 
considered to be compound. It was proved that the forma-
tion of Turkic roots of the words had passed several stages. 
The archetypal monosyllabic word-roots had undergone the 
process of fossilization and petrification several times. For 
the investigation of this process it is very important to at-
tach the comparison of linguistic facts of Sumerian lan-
guage. 
The determination of formation of Turkic word-roots 
and the description of their developmental mechanizm 
gives the possibility to linguists to explain how morpholog-
 
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TÜRK DİLLƏRİNİN QƏDİM LEKSİKASI 
 
 
 
ical and phonological structure of the word is formed. 
Some monosyllabic verbal roots estimated as purely Turkic 
or native, genealogically are connected with nostratic stage. 
In the process of reconstruction of Turkic word-roots it is 
necessary to use the analogous facts of unrelated languages 
and lexical parallels. From the research work becomes clear 
that the refusal from the traditional etymology and the ap-
peal to the global etymology would be concluded by the 
more real results. The main distinctive peculiarity and 
scientific novelty of the investigation of different branches 
of Turkic languages held in this research work is that here 
Turkic word-roots have been analysed in the complex form. 
Variability peculiar to the Turkic word-roots later on 
became the source of the formation of new roots and their 
development. The allomorphs of word-roots caused the 
word derivation. Namely in many cases phonetic changes 
in ancient Turkic words resulted in semantic changes of 
them. The scientific analysis proves that the origin of the 
archetypal words of language were word-roots which origin 
and formation were connected with onomatopoeia. 
In the ancient period in the root-words the phonetic 
way of word-formation as a derivational process was do-
minant. Phonetic phenomena estimated in the modern Tur-
kology as combinatorial (reduction, metathesis, prosthesis, 
sound interchange) in the ancient times had derivational 
function and served to word-formation. And also the prima-
ry prolongation, syncretism, de-semantization are the ways 
of ancient word-formation. The research of root-morphe-
mes of Turkic languages simultaneously has a great signi-
ficance for the investigation of primary processes of word-
 
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