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yuradRebiT gavarCioT me-4 magaliTi _ ori sasruli simravlis dekartuli
namravlis cxrilis saxiT warmodgena. es xels Seuwyobs ricxviTi simravleebis
dekartuli namravlis sakoordinato sibrtyeze warmodgenis procesis ukeT gagebas.
ori simravlis analogiurad ganisazRvreba sami an meti simravlis dekartuli
namravlic. SeTavazeT moswavleebs SearCion raime sami sasruli simravle da
warmoadginon am simravleTa dekartuli namravli.
• vTqvaT, A={s; r}, B={k}, C={a; o}. warmoadgineT B×C da A×B×C simravleebi
cxrilis saxiT.
• vTqvaT, M={1; 2; 3}, N=(5; 6}. warmoadgineT M×N namravli elementebis
CamoTvliT da TiToeul elements SeusabameT sakoordinato sibrtyis raime wertili.
ra wesi SearCieT am SesabamisobisTvis? aRwereT wertilTa ganlageba sibrtyeze da
saTanado wertilTa simravleebi.
aqtivobis gafarToeba-gaRrmaveba
aqtivobis gafarToeba-gaRrmavebis mizniT gTavazobT paragrafSi warmodgenili
sakontrolo kiTxvebisa da amocanebis gamoyenebas.
sasurvelia, sakontrolo kiTxvebze pasuxebis SerCevisas moswavle axdendes
sakuTari varaudis ilustrirebas raime konkretuli magaliTiT da SeeZlos Tavisi
mosazrebebis dacva pedagogisa da TanaklaselTa winaSe. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa
im kiTxvebze gamoxmaureba, romlebsac moswavleebi Tavad usvamen erTmaneTs.
aqtivobis ganxilva-Sefaseba
dekartuli namravlis cneba maTematikis erT-erTi fuZemdebluri cnebaa _
mis safuZvelze xdeba simravleTa Soris Sesabamisobis, mimarTebis, asaxvis da sxva
mravali mniSvnelovani cnebis gansazRvra. amrigad, aRwerili aqtivobiT miRebuli
codna da Cvevebi SemdgomSi mravalgzis iqneba gamoyenebuli.
vfiqrobT, rom es aqtivoba saazrovno unarebis ganmaviTarebelicaa.
sanimuSo gakveTili #3
aqtivoba: asaxva. Seqceuli asaxva ($ 1.6).
reziume: or simravles Soris Sesabamisobis cnebis arsSi garkvevasTan erTad
moswavleebi ecnobian Sesabamisobebis kerZo saxeebs _ asaxvas, `ze~-asaxvas, Seqcev-
ad asaxvas.
aqtivobis mizani:
• axali cnebis _ simravleTa Soris Sesabamisobis _ arsSi garkveva.
• sxvadasxva magaliTis garCevis safuZvelze, Sesabamisobis SesaZlo TvisebaTa
gamokveTa-daxarisxeba.
• SesabamisobaTa kerZo saxeebad klasificirebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba.
29
• urTierTcalsaxa Sesabamisobis, Seqceuli asaxvis agebis gamocdilebis SeZena.
• miRebuli codnis aqtualurobis gaazreba _ gamoyenebiTi aspeqtebis warmo-
Cena.
aucilebeli wina codna:
• simravleTa Teoriis ZiriTadi cnebebisa da simravleebze moqmedebebis Tvise-
bebis floba;
• simravleTa dekartuli namravlis Sedgenis unari.
gakveTils viwyebT ori raime ricxviTi simravlis ganxilviT. magaliTad, A={5;
10; 14} da B={2; 5; 7}. mivmarTavT klass Seadginon yvela SesaZlo (a; b) dalage-
buli wyvilebis simravle (a∈A, b∈B), romelic ganisazRvreba TvisebiT: `a aris b-s
jeradi~. moswavleebi, cxadia, erToblivi ZalisxmeviT, iolad amoxsnian amocanas _
C={(5;
5);
(10;
2);
(10;
5);
(14;
2);
(14;
7)}.
axla amave simravleebisTvis aseTi Tviseba davasaxeloT: `a≤b~. miviRebT orele-
mentian simravles:
D={(5; 5); (5; 7)}.
moswavleebTan erTad vmsjelobT, Tu ra damokidebulebaa Cven mier Sedgenil C
da D simravleebsa da A×B dekartul namravls Soris. vRebulobT _ C da D qvesim-
ravleebia A×B simravlis _ C da D Sesabamisobebia A da B-s Soris.
vamaxvilebT moswavleTa yuradRebas ramdenime Tvisebaze,
romelic Sesabamisobas SeiZleba (aucilebeli ar aris) hqondes:
X-is yovel elements Seesabameba raime elementi
Y-idan;
X-is
raime elements Seesabameba Y-is erTze meti elementi; X-is
yovel elements Seesabameba Y-is erTaderTi elementi; X-is gan-
sxvavebul elementebs Y-is gansxvavebuli elementebi Seesabam-
eba; Y-is yoveli elementi aris X-is raime elementis Sesabamisi
da sxva. am Tvisebebis (an maTi nawilis) mqone Sesabamisobebis
mixedviT, maTi SedarebiT, sxvadasxva magaliTebis ganxilviT,
moswavleebs vacnobT cnebebs _ `asaxva~, `ze-asaxva~, `urTierTcalsaxa Sesabamiso-
ba~, `Seqcevadi asaxva~, `asaxvis Seqceuli asaxva~. es cnebebi ilustrirebuli unda
iyos magaliTebiT _ gamoiyeneT paragrafSi warmodgenili sqemebi; magaliTad, su-
raTze warmodgenil SemTxvevaSi, yovel x-s (X-idan) Seesabameba garkveuli (erTad-
erTi) elementi Y-dan _ gvaqvs asaxva; amasTanave, yovel y-s (Y-idan) aqvs wina saxe
(erTi mainc) X-Si _ gvaqvs `ze~-asaxva; X-is or elements erTi da igive saxe aqvs
_ asaxva Seqcevadi ar aris. Y warmoadgens X simravlis saxes f asaxvisas _ f(X)=Y.
asaxvis kerZo saxeebidan gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas vaniWebT Seqcevad asaxvas
da, Sesabamisad, Seqceul asaxvas. Tu f:X → Y Seqcevadia, maSin f-is Seqceul asaxvas
vuwodebT f(X) simravleze gansazRvrul iseT f
–1
asaxvas, romelic yovel f(x) ele-
ments
f(
X)-dan `daabrunebs~
x-Si. amrigad,
X-is yoveli
x elementisTvis
f
–1
(f(x))=x. Tu
asaxva urTierTcalsaxaa, maSin cxadia
Y-is yoveli
y elementisTvis
f(
f
–1
(y))=x, y=f(x).
pedagogebma unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom terminebs `asaxva~ da `funqcia~, ZiriTa-
dad, gamoviyenebT xolme, rogorc sinonimebs, Tumca ricxviTi simravlis asaxvisas,
an `cvladebis~ terminebis gamoyenebisas upiratesobas `funqcias~ mivaniWebT. mag-
aliTad, `y cvladi x cvladis funqciaa~.