30
sasurvelia moswavleebs SeaxsenoT formuliT mocemuli zogierTi funqciis Se-
qceulis moZebnis etapebi. magaliTad, mocemulia f : X → Y, f (x)= 3x+2
7 . gamovsaxoT x
misi y saxis saSualebiT:
y= 3x+2
7
⇒
x= 7y–2
3
Seqceul funqcias aqvs saxe: f
–1
:Y → X, f
–1
(y)= 7y–2
3 .
Tumca, Tu davubrundebiT tradiciul aRniSvnebs, CavwerT: f
–1
(x)= 7x–2
3 .
aqtivobis gafarToeba-gaRrmaveba
mizans sakontrolo kiTxvebisa da amocanebis gamoyenebiTac SeiZleba miaRwioT.
ecadeT moswavleebma kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis dros moiyvanon Sesabamisi mag-
aliTebi, warmoadginon Sesabamisobebi sqemis saxiT.
amocanebis amoxsnisas, sasurvelia, moswavlem moaxdinos sakuTari arCevanis ar-
gumentireba Sesabamisi cnebis, Tvisebisa Tu magaliTis warmodgeniT.
aqtivobis ganxilva-Sefaseba
simravleTa Soris Sesabamisobis, asaxvis cnebebi maTematikis umniSvnelovane-
si cnebebia; am cnebebis SinaarsSi safuZvliani garkveva da Sesabamisi gamoyenebis
unarebis ganviTareba zogadad maTematikis warmatebuli Seswavlis mniSvnelovani
nawilia.
migvaCnia, rom am aqtivobas saazrovno unarebis ganmaviTarebeli funqciac akis-
ria.
sanimuSo gakveTili #4
aqtivoba: debulebaTa dasabuTebis xerxebi ($ 1.8).
reziume: debulebaTa dasabuTebis adre naswavl xerxebs magaliTebis garCevis
saSualebiT vixsenebT da am xerxebis gamoyenebis axlebur nimuSebsac vixilavT.
aqtivobis mizani:
• davxvewoT moswavleTa logikuri msjelobis unari;
• gavamdidroT maTi codna damtkicebis axali xerxebiT;
• gavacnoT moswavleebs araerTi saintereso faqti maTematikis sxvadasxva naw-
ilidan _ am faqtebis damtkiceba msjelobis nimuSad mogvyavs.
aucilebeli wina codna
• moswavleebs unda hqondeT warmodgena pirobiTi winadadebis, induqciis, sawi-
naaRmdegos daSvebis meTodis Sesaxeb _ marTalia, paragrafis Teoriul nawilSi
am cnebebisa da faqtebis Sexsenebas garkveuli dro davuTmeT, magram axla ufro
safuZvlianad ganvixilavT sakiTxebs.
31
gakveTils pirobiTi winadadebis gaxsenebiT viwyebT _ swored am saxiTaa
umetes SemTxvevaSi Camoyalibebuli dasamtkicebeli debuleba. pirobiT winadade-
baSi gamovyoT piroba da daskvna _ moviSvelioT Sesaferisi magaliTebi; mniS-
vnelovania moswavleebi gavavarjiSoT sxva saxiT mocemuli debulebis pirobiTi wi-
nadadebis formiT CamoyalibebaSi; magaliTad, debuleba `martivi ricxvis kvadrats
sami gamyofi aqvs~ asec Camoyalibdeba _ `Tu ricxvi martivia, maSin mis kvadrats
sami gamyofi aqvs~.
debulebis pirobiTi winadadebis formiT Camoyalibeba sawinaaRmdegos daSvebis
meTodis gamoyenebis pirveli etapia: vTqvaT, vamtkicebT debulebas `Tu p, maSin q~;
vuSvebT sawinaaRmdegos _ `Tu p, maSin q~ da, Tu am daSvebis safuZvelze Catare-
buli msjelobiT (pirobiTi winadadebebis `jaWviT~) mivalT pirobis, an raime WeSma-
riti faqtis uaryofamde, davaskvniT _ Tavdapirveli debuleba WeSmaritia. meTo-
dis ilustrirebisas gamoiyeneT paragrafis pirvel nawilSi moyvanili magaliTebi.
am gakveTilze maTematikuri induqciis meTodis mxolod zogadi sqemis Camoya-
libebiTa da oriode magaliTis garCeviT SemovifargleT.
induqciis (sruli induqciis) meTodis gamoyenebis erT-erTi gadamwyveti momen-
tia gansaxilvel obieqtTa simravlis sasruli odenobis klasebad dayofa ise, rom
TiToeuli klasis obieqtebisTvis debulebis damtkiceba erTi sqemiT mimdinareob-
des. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, roca debuleba gamoTqmulia usasrulo
simravlis obieqtTa mimarT. magaliTad, `nebismier n naturaluri ricxvisTvis n
5
–n
iyofa 5-ze~. debulebis WeSmaritoba dasamtkicebelia yoveli naturaluri n ricx-
visTvis. Tumca, xerxdeba n-is dayofa 5 klasad _ {5k | k∈n}, {5k–1 | k∈n}, {5k–2 |
k∈ n}, {5 k–3 | k∈ n}, {5 k–4 | k∈ n} _ da TiToeuli klasisTvis debulebis damtkiceba
gamartivebis teqnikaze daiyvaneba.
aqtivobis gafarToeba-gaRrmaveba
aqtivobis gafarToeba-gaRrmaveba sakontrolo kiTxvebiTa da amocanebiTac mi-
iRweva.
SevniSnoT, rom am paragrafis amocanebi Seexeba maTematikis sxvadasxva nawils
_ aq mniSvneloba eniWeba dasabuTebis xerxebis gamoyenebas da ara TviT debulebis
Tematikas.
aqtivobis ganxilva-Sefaseba
maTematikis, rogorc deduqciuri mecnierebis ganviTareba, debulebebis damt-
kicebis (dasabuTebis) gziT xdeba. amasTanave, rac ufro mravalferovania sakvlevi
obieqtebi miT ufro mravalferovani da mZlavri unda iyos maTi kvlevis aparati,
maTematikuri debulebebis WeSmaritobis dadgenis xerxebi.
maTi floba da mocemuli amocanisTvis xelsayreli meTodis SerCeva saTanado
unarebis ganviTarebiT miiRweva.
naTelia, rom mocemuli aqtivoba saSualebas iZleva msjeloba-dasabuTebis
ramdenime xerxis ganxilvasTan erTad, Tvali gadavavloT nacnob faqtebsac da aR-
movaCinoT axali kanonzomierebebi maTematikis sxvadasxva nawilidan.
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sanimuSo gakveTili #5
aqtivoba: xdomilobebze operaciebis gaxseneba da am operaciebis Tvisebebis
Seswavla ($ 2.2).
reziume: moswavleebi ixseneben operaciebs xdomilobebze _ jams, namravls;
saTanadod SerCeuli magaliTebis ganxilvis gziT ecnobian aRniSnuli operaciebis
Tvisebebs; iZenen am operaciaTa gamoyenebis Cvevebs.
aqtivobis mizani:
• xdomilobebze operaciebis _ jamisa da namravlis gaxseneba;
• aRniSnuli operaciebis Tvisebebis Seswavla magaliTebis garCevisa da Sede-
gebis ganzogadebis gziT;
• eqsperimentTan dakavSirebuli xdomilobis elementaruli xdomilobebiT
gamosaxvisas operaciebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.
aucilebeli wina codna:
• moswavle unda flobdes simravleTa Teoriis elementebs im moculobiT, rac
warmodgenilia §1.4-Si;
• unda hqondes xdomilobis cnebis Sinaarsze mkafio warmodgena.
• unda icnobdes eqsperimentis xdomilobaTa sivrcis agebis magaliTebs da Ta-
vadac gaaCndes saTanado unar-Cvevebi.
•
xdomilobaTa albaTobis cnebis codna da albaTobis gamoTvlaze umartivesi
amocanebis amoxsnis unari.
I etapi: gavixsenebT raime eqsperimentis Sesabamis xdomilobebsa da maTze mo-
qmedebebis (operaciebis) Catarebis wesebs, rasac davakavSirebT am eqsperimentis
xdomilobaTa sivrcis qvesimravleebze moqmedebebs.
gaxsenebis process kiTxva-pasuxis saSualebiT warvmarTavT (isargebleT sax-
elmZRvaneloSi SemoTavazebuli SekiTxvebiT da SeavseT isini Tqveni survilisame-
br). pasuxebis komentari da analizi Tavad moswavleebis erToblivi gansjiT xdeba.
magaliTi 1-is ganxilvis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia Teoriuli codnis ilustrireba-
demonstracia.
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT movekidoT xdomilobaTa araTavsebadobis sakiTxs
_ mniSvnelovania moswavleebma xdomilobaTa araTavsebadoba daakavSiron am xdomi-
lobaTa Sesabamis xelSemwyobi elementaruli xdomilobebis simravleTa Tanaukve-
TobasTan (araTanamkveTobasTan). araTavsebadi xdomilobebis mniSvnelovani magali-
Tia xdomiloba da misi uaryofa _ A da A. amasTanave, es magaliTi imiTac aris
sayuradRebo, rom A + A aris aucilebeli xdomiloba (P(A + A)=1).
araTavsebadi xdomilobebisTvis samarTliania formula
P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B).
sasurvelia am formulis WeSmaritobis demonstrireba magaliTebis saSualebiT.
II etapi. vixilavT Tavsebadi xdomilobebis SemTxvevas, anu xdomilobebs,
romelTa namravlis albaToba nuli ar aris. simravleTa TeoriaSi miRebuli gvqon-
da formula
n(A∪B)=n(A)+n(B)–n(A∩B),
romelic asec Caiwereba:
n( A+B) =n( A) +n( B) –n( A
.
B) .
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