How to Read Literature Like a Professor Revised: a lively and Entertaining Guide to Reading Between the Lines
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- About the Author THOMAS C. FOSTER
- Praise for How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster
- A Broad Overview of Literature
- Based on More than Thirty Years of Experience and Expertise
- The Perfect Resource for Reading Groups
- Suggests Further Reading Material
- Also by Thomas C. Foster
- About the Publisher Australia
- United Kingdom HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. 77-85 Fulham Palace Road London, W6 8JB, UK http://www.harpercollins.co.uk United States
Lord Jim (Conrad), 83, 179, 218–19 The Lord of the Rings (Tolkien), 6, 199 Love Medicine (Erdrich), 130–32, 163–65, 298, 299 “The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock” (Eliot), 38–39 Loy, Mina, 53, 157 “Lycidas” (Milton), 96 Macbeth (Shakespeare), 96 MacNeice, Louis, 244 Madame Bovary (Flaubert), 96 “Maggie May” (Stewart), 192 The Magic Mountain (Mann), 224 The Magus (Fowles), 298 malaria, 226–27 Malory, Thomas, 46 The Maltese Falcon (Chandler), 194 The Maltese Falcon (film), 145 Malthus, Thomas, 115–16 The Mamas & the Papas, 186 “The Man of Adamant” (Hawthorne), 218, 219 Mann, Thomas, 124, 178, 224 Mansfield, Katherine, 91, 225, 262–294, 304 A Map of the World (Hamilton), 169 Marlowe, Christopher, 103, 207 Marlowe, Philip, 103 Marvell, Andrew, 216 Marx, Karl, 246 “The Masque of the Red Death” (Poe), 119, 230–31 “Master Harold”...and the Boys, 39–41 The Master of Ballantrae (Stevenson), 17, 208 Mazursky, Paul, 33 McCann, Colum, 250–51 “Meditations in Time of Civil War” (Yeats), 246 Melville, Herman, 237, 243, 252 The Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare), 238 Metamorphoses (Ovid), 67 “The Metamorphosis” (Kafka), 21, 67 Meyer, Stephenie, 18 A Midsummer Night’s Dream (Shakespeare), 33, 34–35, 185 A Midsummer Night’s Sex Comedy, 33 Miller, Henry, 155 Milton, John, 46, 58, 96, 103 Mineo, Sal, 83 minor characters, basis for, 76–89 Moby-Dick (Melville), 237, 243 Moonlighting, 32 Morphology of the Folktale (Propp), 202–3 Morrison, Toni and baptism/rebirth, 165–66, 169–170 and the Bible, 43–44, 48–49 and fairy/folk tales, 58 and flights, 135–36, 137 and geography, 175–76 and mythology, 60–62 and one story, 27 and physical deformities, 203 and politics, 117 and violence, 94–95, 98 and weather, 72 Mountolive (Durrell), 155, 228 “Move It on Over” (Williams/Thorogood), 146 movies, reading, 249 “Mowing” (Frost), 112–13 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 212 Mrs. Dalloway (Woolf), 123, 229, 248, 258 Much Ado About Nothing (Shakespeare), 30–31, 34 Murdoch, Iris, 21, 157, 161, 169, 258–59 Murry, John Middleton, 282 “Musée des Beaux Arts” (Auden), 62, 63 mysteries, violence in, 97–98 mythic method of writing, 91 mythology displacement of, 199–200 Egyptian, 205 Greek, 61–68, 189–190, 237–38, 290–93 types of, 59–60 and weather, 70 Nabokov, Vladimir, 155, 156–57, 219, 261 Napoleon Symphony (Burgess), 173 Narnia novels (C. S. Lewis), 54 narrative method of writing, 91 narrative violence, 96–97 Native American mythology, 60 Nelson, Willie, 200 “Night Moves” (Seger), 186 Nights at the Circus (Carter), 136–37 Nightwood (Barnes), 157 Nin, Anaïs, 157 North by Northwest, 6, 146 Notorious (Hitchcock film), 145–46 noumenal level of a story, 287 O Brother, Where Art Thou? 66 Oates, Joyce Carol, 157 O’Brien, Edna, 157, 248 O’Brien, Tim, 24–27, 29, 31, 57–58, 176–77, 248 O’Connor, Flannery, 128, 169 The Odyssey (Homer), 64, 67, 91, 199, 216 Oedipus at Colonus (Sophocles), 122–23, 203–4, 214 Oedipus Rex (Sophocles), 5, 67, 201, 203, 210, 211, 212, 225 Of Time and the River (Wolfe), 224 The Old Curiosity Shop (Dickens), 97 The Old Man and the Sea (Hemingway), 128, 172, 199 Omeros (Walcott), 64, 66, 67, 68 On the Road (Kerouac), 194, 197 Ordinary People (Guest), 161–62 Oresteia (Aeschylus), 92 originality, 23–31, 193–200 Orwell, George, 105 Othello (Shakespeare), 34, 39 Othello (TV show), 33 Our Mutual Friend (Dickens), 150 “Out, Out—” (Frost), 95–96, 113 “The Overcoat” (Gogol), 28 “The Overcoat II” (Boyle), 28 Ovid, 67, 103 ownership of text, 295–301 Pale Rider, 43–44 Paradise Lost (Milton), 46 Paradise Regained (Milton), 46 paralysis, 220–21 Parks, Tim, 45 Party Going (Green), 75 A Passage to India (Forster), 106–10, 177, 257–58 Pasteur, Louis, 221 “The Pedersen Kid” (Gass), 75 Peele, George, 254 “The Pentecost Castle” (Hill), 47 Percy Jackson and the Olympians (Riordan), 68 perspective, 232–39 Petit, Philippe, 250–51 physical deformities, 201–8 The Picture of Dorian Gray (Wilde), 208 pigeonholing, 6 The Pilgrim’s Progress, 105 The Plague (Camus), 225–26 Plath, Sylvia, 196 Plato, 107 plot, characters and, 76–89 The Plumed Serpent (Lawrence), 178 Pocahontas, 26, 28 Poe, Edgar Allan, 21, 119–120, 121, 174–75, 230–31 politics, 115–123 Porter, Cole, 32 The Portrait of a Lady (James), 224 A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man (Joyce), 140–41, 221, 248 Pound, Ezra, 91, 117, 238–39, 248, 294 The Prince and the Pauper (Twain), 208 Procol Harum, 212–13 Propp, Vladimir, 202–3 psychological realism, 18 Puccini, Giacomo, 224 Pulp Fiction, 42 “Puss-in-Boots,” 55 Pynchon, Thomas, 3–5, 58, 118, 194 quests, 1–6 Quin, Ann, 161 Rabbit, Run (Updike), 169 Raiders of the Lost Ark, 67, 198, 213 The Rainbow (Lawrence), 74 Rains, Claude, 145–46 Rambo 171/2, 249 “Rapunzel,” 56, 58 reader-critics, 86 Reagan, Ronald, 33 Rebel Without a Cause, 82–83 Red River, 198 Reed, Ishmael, 6 The Remorseful Day (Dexter), 217–18 The Republic (Plato), 107 revised editions, 298 Rice, Anne, 15, 17–18 Rich, Adrienne, 47, 117 Richard III (Shakespeare), 37, 184, 201, 202, 304 Richardson, Dorothy, 53 Riordan, Rick, 68 “The River” (O’Connor), 169 “The Road Not Taken” (Frost), 113, 194 Road Runner cartoons, 96 The Road to Rio, 194 Robbins, Tom, 252 “The Rocking-Horse Winner” (Lawrence), 148–49 Rocky and Bullwinkle, 36 Roethke, Theodore, 161, 179–180 “Roll Over Beethoven,” 213 Roman fever, 226–27 Roman mythology, 61. See also Greek mythology Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 33, 37 A Room with a View (Forster), 177 Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (Stoppard), 34, 88 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 46 round characters, 84–86, 87 Rowling, J. K., 81, 208, 299–300 Rumpelstiltskin, 54 Rushdie, Salman, 47–48, 102, 103, 139–140, 261 Ruskin, John, 258 Russell, Ken, 147–48 Russell, Leon, 250 Sacajawea, 26–27 The Sacred Fount (James), 20 Saint, Eva Marie, 146 Salk, Jonas, 228 Samson Agonistes (Milton), 46 Sappho, 196 Sartoris (Faulkner), 96 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 108 The Satanic Verses (Rushdie), 47–48, 102, 103, 139–140, 261 Saturday Night Fever, 82–83 Schulz, Charles, 69 seasons of the year, 183–192 Seger, Bob, 186 Seuss, Dr., 54 A Severed Head (Murdoch), 21 sex, 9, 16, 17, 143–150, 151–59 Shakespeare, William. See also specific works and baptism/rebirth, 1159–1060 borrowing from, 30, 32–41, 53, 58 and disease, 1208 and fairy/folk tales, 57 and flights, 141–42 and heart, 216 and intentionality, 92 and literary canon, 53 and one story, 30–31, 194, 195, 1187 and perspective/viewpoint, 238 and physical deformities, 201, 202 and seasons, 183–84, 189, 191, 192 and symbolism, 1280 and violence, 95, 103, 1089 Shakespearean mythology, 59–60 Shane, 198 Shaw, George Bernard, 117 She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, 198 Shelley, Mary, 201, 206–8 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 93, 161, 225 Shikibu, Murasaki, 194 signifiers, 255. See also irony identifying, 262–294 Silko, Leslie Marmon, 60, 61 Silvers, Phil, 34 Simon & Garfunkel, 186 The Simpsons, 27 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 4, 46 “The Sisters” (Joyce), 220–21 Sitwell, Edith, 53 “Sleeping Beauty,” 54 smallpox, 224, 228 Smiley, Jane, 34 Smith, Stevie, 53 “The Snow Man” (Stevens), 75 “Snow White,” 54, 58 “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” (Hemingway), 181–82 Something Wicked This Way Comes (Bradbury), 34 Song of Solomon (Morrison), 48–49, 60–62, 72, 135–36, 137, 165–66, 175–76, 203 “Sonny’s Blues” (Baldwin), 49, 50, 51, 233–34, 235–37 Sontag, Susan, 225 Sophocles and blindness, 210, 211, 214 and disease, 216, 225, 226 and mythology, 67 and physical deformities, 203–4 and politics, 122–23 and quests, 5 The Sound and the Fury (Faulkner), 34 Spenser, Edmund, 4 Spielberg, Steven, 136, 213 St. Paul, 188 Star Trek, 207 Star Wars, 6 static characters, 84–85 Steinbeck, John, 42–43, 45 Stevens, Wallace, 75, 196 Stevenson, Robert Louis, 17, 54, 196, 208, 225 Stewart, Rod, 192 Stoker, Bram, 16, 17 Stoppard, Tom, 34, 88 The Story of O (Réage), 27 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 224 The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Stevenson), 17 stream-of-consciousness writers, 248 The Sun Also Rises (Hemingway), 46, 204–6 surrogacy, 76–80 Swift, Jonathan, 46 symbolism, 95, 104–14, 240–251 syphilis, 222–23, 227 The Tale of Genji (Shikibu), 194 The Taming of the Shrew (Shakespeare), 32–33 Tarantino, Quentin, 42 Taylor, Edward, 46 Tchaikovsky, Pietr, 33 Tempest (film), 33 The Tempest (Shakespeare), 33 Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 196 Tess of the D’Urbervilles (Hardy), 21 test case, 262–294 text, ownership of, 295–301 Thelma and Louise, 252 Thomas, Dylan, 191 Thoreau, Henry David, 225 Thorogood, George, 146–47 A Thousand Acres (Smiley), 34 The Thousand and One Nights, 27 “The Three Strangers” (Hardy), 70–71 “Tight Rope” (Russell), 250 “To Be Carved on a Stone at Thoor Ballylee” (Yeats), 246 To the Lighthouse (Woolf), 97 Tolkien, J. R., 6, 27, 103, 199 Tolstoy, Leo, 96, 169 Tom Jones (Fielding), 9 Tom Jones (film), 9 Tongues of Flame (Parks), 45 Top Gun, 82–83 The Tower (Yeats), 246 Travolta, John, 82 Treasure Island (Stevenson), 54 Trevor, William, 28 tuberculosis, 222, 224–25, 227–28, 230–31 The Turn of the Screw (James), 18–19, 21 Twain, Mark and baptism/rebirth, 161 and geography, 172–73, 174 and irony, 252 and minor characters, 88 and one story, 27, 197 and physical deformities, 208 and quests, 6 and symbolism, 110–11, 112 and violence, 103 Twelfth Night (Shakespeare), 185 Twilight (Meyer), 18 “Two Gallants” (Joyce), 28 “Two More Gallants” (Trevor), 28 Tyler, Anne, 12 Ulysses (Joyce), 66–67, 91, 96, 167, 221, 248, 287 “Ulysses, Order, and Myth” (Eliot), 91 Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 224 The Unicorn (Murdoch), 21, 169, 258–59 Updike, John, 169 vampires, 15–22 “Variation on Heraclitus” (MacNeice), 244 venereal diseases, 222–23, 227 verbal irony, 257 Verlaine, Paul, 196 “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings” (García Márquez), 137–39 Victorian literature, 17–22. See also specific authors viewpoint, 232–39 violence, 94–103 Virgil, 65–66, 292 The Virgin and the Gypsy (Lawrence), 70 A Vision (Yeats), 246 Vizenor, Gerald, 60 Vonnegut, Kurt, 222 Wagner, Richard, 60, 61 Waiting for Godot (Beckett), 213, 253 Walcott, Derek, 64, 66, 67, 68 War and Peace (Tolstoy), 87 Warner Brothers, 57 The Waste Land (Eliot), 47, 73–74, 91, 111–12, 204, 248 wasting disease, 224 Wayne, John, 198 weather, 69–75 Weldon, Fay, 102–3, 139, 140 Welty, Eudora, 48 The Wench Is Dead (Dexter), 217 West Side Story, 33 Weston, Jessie L., 73–74, 144, 147 Whitelaw, Billie, 252–53 “A Whiter Shade of Pale” (Procol Harum), 212–13 Whitman, Walt, 118 “Why I Live at the P.O.” (Welty), 48 “The Wild Swans at Coole” (Yeats), 141, 247–48 Wilde, Oscar, 208, 257 Wilkins, Lenny, 196 Williams, Hank, 146–47 Williams, William Carlos, 62–63 Wilson, August, 37 The Wind in the Willows (Grahame), 54 The Winding Stair (Yeats), 246 The Wings of the Dove (James), 224 A Winter’s Tale (Shakespeare), 185 Wise Children (Carter), 30–31, 34–35, 157–58 Wolfe, Thomas, 195, 224 The Woman Who Rode Away (Lawrence), 178 Women in Love (film), 147–48 Women in Love (Lawrence), 21, 98–99, 100, 118, 147, 182, 224, 282 Woolf, Virginia death of, 161 and figurative representation, 248 and intent, 91 and irony, 258 and literary canon, 53 and politics, 123 on post-traumtic stress/suicide, 229 and violence, 96, 97 Wordsworth, William, 86, 180 Wuthering Heights (Brontë), 300 Yeats, William Butler, 141, 186–87, 240, 245–47, 298 “Yellow Woman” (Silko), 60 “Yom Kippur, 1984” (Rich), 47 About the Author THOMAS C. FOSTER is a professor of English at the University of Michigan–Flint, where he teaches contemporary fiction, drama, and poetry as well as creative writing and composition. He is the author of Twenty-Five Books That Shaped America and several books on twentieth-century British and Irish fiction and poetry. He lives in East Lansing, Michigan. Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins authors. Praise for How to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster “I know of no other book that so vividly conveys what it’s like to study with a great literature professor. In a work that is both down-to-earth and rich in insight, Thomas Foster goes far toward breaking down the wall that has long divided the academic and the common reader.” —James Shapiro, Columbia University, author of Shakespeare and the Jews “By bringing his eminent scholarship to bear in doses measured for the common reader or occasional student, Professor Foster has done us all a generous turn. The trained eye, the tuned ear, the intellect possessed of simple ciphers bring the literary arts alive. For those who’ve ever wondered what Dr. Williams saw in ‘a red wheel barrow glazed with rain water’—here is an essential text.” —Thomas Lynch, author of The Undertaking How to Read Literature Like a Professor A Broad Overview of Literature A lively and entertaining guide to making your reading experience more rewarding and fun. Focuses on literary basics: major themes and motifs (seasons, quests, food, politics, geography, weather, vampires, violence, illness, and many more); literary models (Shakespeare’s plays, Greek mythology, fairy tales, the Bible); and narrative devices (form, irony, plot, and symbol, among others). Draws on a huge variety of examples from all genres: novels, short stories, plays, poems, movies, song lyrics, and cartoons. Encourages readers to test their knowledge on the short story “The Garden Party” by Katherine Mansfield, offering comments and ideas along the way. Based on More than Thirty Years of Experience and Expertise Thomas C. Foster has been teaching students how to read literature for more than thirty years. How to Read Literature Like a Professor approaches the often intimidating domain of literature in accessible and nonacademic prose. It is not a textbook but an engaging companion for readers to discover the possibilities of modern and classic literature. The Perfect Resource for Reading Groups With its informal style and easy approach to literature, How to Read Literature Like a Professor is a useful and practical tool for reading groups and book clubs. Suggests Further Reading Material Includes a comprehensive list of novels, poems, and plays that readers may find enjoyable and challenging. Offers suggestions for secondary sources on reading, interpretation, and criticism. Also by Thomas C. Foster Twenty-Five Books That Shaped America How to Read Novels Like a Professor Copyright COVER DESIGN BY JARROD TAYLOR COVER BACKGROUND © MERKUSHEV VASILIY/SHUTTERSTOCK The excerpts from James Joyce’s “The Dead” are reprinted from Dubliners, The Modern Library, 1969. Katherine Mansfield’s “The Garden Party” is reprinted from The Garden Party and Other Stories, Alfred A. Knopf, 1922. The excerpt from Elizabeth Bishop’s “The Fish” is reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Inc. The excerpt from T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land is reprinted by permission of Faber and Faber, Ltd. HOW TO READ LITERATURE LIKE A PROFESSOR. Copyright © 2003, 2014 by Thomas C. Foster. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books. First Harper paperback edition published 2003. Revised edition published by Harper Perennial in 2014. The Library of Congress has catalogued the previous edition as follows: Foster, Thomas C. How to read literature like a professor : a lively and entertaining guide to reading between the lines / Thomas C. Foster.—1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-06-000942-X 1. Literature—Explication. 2. Books and reading. 3. Criticism. 4. Literature—History and criticism. I. Title. PN45.F585 2003 808—dc21 2002031783 ISBN 978-0-06-230167-3 (revised edition) EPUB Edition February 2014 9780062344205 Version 03072014 14 15 16 17 18 DIX/RRD 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 About the Publisher Australia HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd. Level 13, 201 Elizabeth Street Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia http://www.harpercollins.com.au Canada HarperCollins Canada 2 Bloor Street East - 20th Floor Toronto, ON, M4W, 1A8, Canada http://www.harpercollins.ca New Zealand HarperCollins Publishers New Zealand Unit D, 63 Apollo Drive Rosedale 0632 Auckland, New Zealand http://www.harpercollins.co.nz United Kingdom HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. 77-85 Fulham Palace Road London, W6 8JB, UK http://www.harpercollins.co.uk United States HarperCollins Publishers Inc. 10 East 53rd Street New York, NY 10022 http://www.harpercollins.com Document Outline
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