II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS
Baku Engineering University
16
27-28 April 2018, Baku, Azerbaijan
the venous system at the point of fusion of the subclavian veins. The cardiovascular system includes
the heart - the muscular organ that causes the blood to move, rhythmically pumping it into the blood
vessels - hollow tubes of various diameters, through which blood circulation takes place.
All the functions of the circulatory system are strictly coordinated thanks to the neuro-reflex
regulation, which allows maintaining homeostasis in the constantly changing conditions of the
external and internal environments.
Where the vascular system is closed, it forms the circle of blood circulation. A person and all
vertebrates have several circles of blood circulation, exchanging blood between themselves only in the
heart. Circle of circulation consists of two consecutively connected circles (loops), starting with the
ventricles of the heart and flowing into the atria.
The cardiovascular system of a person forms two circles of blood circulation: large and small.
• A large circle of circulation begins in the left ventricle and ends in the right atrium, into which
hollow veins flow.
• The small circle of blood circulation begins in the right ventricle, from which the pulmonary
trunk leaves, and ends in the left atrium into which the pulmonary veins flow.
Figure 1. Blood circulation in the human body. 1-containers of the head,2- arcs of the aorta,3- the artery of lungs ,4-
containers of lungs,5-heart,6-hollow containers of lungs ,7-аorta,8- the low hollow containers,9-containers of organs,10-
containers of foot,11- containers of organs.
A large circle of blood circulation provides blood to all organs and tissues.
The circulation of blood in the lungs limits the small circle of blood circulation, where the blood
enriches with oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide.
Depending on the physiological state of the body, as well as practical expediency, additional
circulatory circles are sometimes indicated:
• Placental - exists in a fetus located in the uterus.
• Cardiac - is part of a large circle of blood circulation.
• Willisia - arterial ring formed by the arteries of the pool of vertebrates and internal carotid
arteries, located at the base of the brain, helps to compensate for the lack of blood supply.
The pathology of the cardiovascular system includes, first of all, primary heart diseases: some
forms of myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, heart tumors. Also includes heart damage in infectious,
infectious-allergic, dysmetabolic and systemic diseases and diseases of other organs.
I INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS
Baku Engineering University
17
27-28 April 2018, Baku, Azerbaijan
Fig.1.1. Circulatory circulation in the cardiovascular system. 1- lymph of container, 2- lymph of capillaris,3-blood of
artery,4-heart,5-container of lymph,6- lymph of capillaries
.
In the International Classification of Diseases, heart and vascular diseases are united into a single
class called "Diseases of the circulatory system" and are divided into the following items:
1. Rheumatism in the active phase, including active rheumatism without cardiac damage, as well
as active rheumatic pericarditis, endocarditis, myocarditis.
2. Chronic rheumatic heart diseases, including acquired heart defects.
3. Hypertensive illness.
4. Coronary heart disease, as well as acute myocardial infarction and various forms of angina
pectoris, atherosclerotic cardio sclerosis and heart aneurysm.
5. Other heart diseases.
6. Vascular lesions of the brain, combining subarachnoid hemorrhages, cerebral hemorrhages,
cerebral vascular thrombosis and cerebral vascular embolism, transient cerebral circulation disorders,
and generalized cerebral vascular lesions.
7. Diseases of arteries, arterioles, and also capillaries.
Authors of О.F. Voropaeva, Yu.I. Shokin in his article on the topic "Numerical modeling in
medicine: Some statements of problems and results of calculations *" upset the problems of the
cardiovascular system, the study of blood cells and various processes in the blood-sucking system at
the micro- and nano level. OF Voropayeva and Yu.I. Shokin used methods of hemodynamic models
on graphs. In this article, classical models of hemodynamics are used based on the Navier-Stokes
equations and 2 D and 3 D modeling of blood, large and small blood vessels [38, 39pg] is connected
and the modeling of the vascular network, cerebral circulation is separately attached. [38,39,40pg].
"Mathematical modeling of the circulatory system and its practical applications", in the journal
"Avtomat and Telemach" in 2006, the authors AP Proshin, Yu. V. Solodyannikov, used the
construction of a mathematical model of the circulatory system as a nonlinear oscillatory system and
made a computer model of theories of neural networks. They used the neurocomputer analogy of the
atrioventricular node of the heart as the conductor of the His-Purkin system [176,177,178,179 pg].
REFERENCES
1.
Alfio Quarteroni. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). 92C50,96C10,76Z05,74F10,65N30,65M60. Cardiovascular
mathematics.
2.
Quarteroni, A.; Manzoni, A.; Vergara, C. The Cardiovascular System: Mathematical Modeling, Numerical Algorithms,
Clinical Applications. MOX, Dipartimento di Matematica Politecnico di Milano, Via Bonardi 9 - 20133 Milano (Italy).
October 29, 2016
3.
F. Auricchio, A. Ferrara, and S. Morganti. Comparison and critical analysis of invariant-based models with respect to
their ability in fitting human aortic valve data. Annals of Solid and Structural Mechanics, 4(1):1–14, 2012.
4.
F. Auricchio, F. Lefieux, A. Reali, and A. Veneziani. A locally anisotropic fluid-structure interaction remeshing strategy for
thin structures with application to a hinged rigid leaflet. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,
107(2):155–180, 2016.