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tradition that problems of the "demarcation criteria for scientific knowledge"
posed in the 20th century by postpositivists arose.
Within the framework of the interaction of the two sources of the scientific
tradition, an important watershed has also been found, connected with the
partial acknowledgment of the merits of the scientist and with the selective
approach to his work. This approach had a concrete historical precedent, but later
it turned into an essential tradition of the entire NTP epoch, up to the turn of the
20th and 21st centuries, affecting the process of systematic cognition, but very
little attention to the science of science. It is about Johannes Kepler, his laws and
his "cup". After him, you can certainly find a lot of outstanding minds, "half-
hearted" included in the body of new European scientific knowledge, but looking
ahead, it should be said that the most striking example of this phenomenon is the
figure of Nikola Tesla – the author of the "second industrial revolution",
anticipating " era of the Internet ", the beginning of which marked the end of the
era of scientific and technological progress.
Regardless of whether NTP is considered in the framework of neoconomics or
not, in the history of science the commonplace is the fact that the development
of scientific knowledge and the development of technology, technology (and
applied practices in general) is not necessarily dependent. The best example is
China. It is widely known that, having a compass, gunpowder and a missile
principle, the Chinese absolutely did not have in their culture what is known as
the New European scientific tradition, and everything that is associated with this
tradition on the XX – st. XXI centuries, including the famous "Shanghai rating" of
world universities, is no more and no less than the borrowing developed by the
legendary Chinese industry. (The option
that the compass, gunpowder,
rocket and
other amazing things was given to the ancient Chinese by "gods descended from
heaven" or "gods who lived on earth at the beginning of time", I allow myself not
to consider here – simply because this is a separate topic , which is precisely out
of place, and not because I do not "believe" it.) It is important that these and
other technical knowledges had a place there as a kind of marginalistically taken
value of reproduction and exchange, but precisely as knowledge, and not just as
ready-made artifacts (part 2 of the lecture). And in this sense, here arises the
question of the knowledge economy that V.Easterli put and which is mentioned in
the basic course of Grigoriev's lectures.