29
KAYNAKLAR
1.
Tsen LC. Anesthesia for cesarean delivery. In: Chestnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC,
Ngan Kee W, Beilin Y, Mhyre J, editors. Chestnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia Principles
and Practice. 5th edition. Phidelphia: Elseiver Saunders; 2014. p. 545–603.
2.
Butwick AJ, Carvalho B. Anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs in pregnancy: what
are the anesthetic implications for labor and cesarean delivery? J Perinatol 2011;31:73–
84.
3.
Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, Enneking FK, Kopp SL, Benzon HT, et al.
Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy:
American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based
Guidelines (Third Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010;35:64–101.
4.
Gogarten W, Vandermeulen E, Van Aken H, Kozek S, Llau J V, Samama CM.
Regional anaesthesia and antithrombotic agents: recommendations of the European
Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2010;27:999–1015.
5.
Kuczkowski KM. Labor analgesia for the parturient with herbal medicines use: What
does an obstetrician need to know? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2006; 274: 233–9.
6.
Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, Smith A, O’Sullivan G, Søreide E, et al. Perioperative
fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of
Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011;28(8):556–69.
7.
Tan T, Sia AT. Anesthesia considerations in the obese gravida. Semin Perinatol 2011;
35: 350–5.
8.
ASA. ASA Physical Status Classification System [Internet]. 2014. Available from:
http://www.asahq.org/resources/clinical-information/asa-physical-status-classification-
system.
9.
Brichant, Bruskin, De Swaef, Gautier, Lechat, Roelants, et al. Belgian guidelines and
recommendations for safe practice in obstetric anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg
2003;54:119–25.
10.
Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia: an updated report by the American Society
of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology
2007;106:843–63.
11.
Van Veen JJ, Nokes TJ, Makris M. The risk of spinal haematoma following neuraxial
anaesthesia or lumbar puncture in thrombocytopenic individuals. Br J Haematol
2010;148:15–25.
12.
Butterworth J, Mackey D, Wasnick J, editors. Spinal, epidural and caudal blocks.
Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 5th ed. 2013. p. 937-74.
13.
Davies J, Ross B. Informed consent, documentation and medicolegal issues. In:
Bucklin B, Gambling D, Wlody D editors. A practical approach to obstetric anesthesia.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009. p. 69-79.
14.
Reynolds F. Neurological infections after neuraxial anesthesia. Anesthesiol Clin
2008;26:23–52.
15.
American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on infectious complications
associated with neuraxial techniques. Practice advisory for the prevention, diagnosis,
and management of infectious complications associated with neuraxial techniques: a
report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on infectious
complications associated with neuraxial techniques. Anesthesiology 2010;112:530–45.
16.
Stackhouse R, Beers R, Brown D, Brown M, Greene E, McCann M, et al. Task Force
on Infection Control. Recommendations for infection control for the practice of
30
anesthesiology. 3th edition. 2011.Available from: http://www.asahq.org/For-
Members/Standards-Guidelines-and-Statements. aspx#rec
17.
Checketts MR. Wash & go--but with what? Skin antiseptic solutions for central
neuraxial block. Anaesthesia 2012;67:819–22.
18.
Mhyre JM, Greenfield MLVH, Tsen LC, Polley LS. A systematic review of
randomized controlled trials that evaluate strategies to avoid epidural vein cannulation
during obstetric epidural catheter placement. Anesth Analg 2009;108: 1232–42.
19.
Stoneham MD, Eldridge J, Popat M, Russell R. Oxford positioning technique improves
haemodynamic stability and predictability of block height of spinal anaesthesia for
elective caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 1999;8:242–8.
20.
Kim J-T, Bahk J-H, Sung J. Influence of age and sex on the position of the conus
medullaris and Tuffier’s line in adults. Anesthesiology 2003;99:1359–63.
21.
Margarido CB, Mikhael R, Arzola C, Balki M, Carvalho JCA. The intercristal line
determined by palpation is not a reliable anatomical landmark for neuraxial anesthesia.
Can J Anesth 2011;58:262–6.
22.
Schnabel A, Schuster F, Ermert T, Eberhart LH, Metterlein T, Kranke P. Ultrasound
guidance for neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia in obstetrics: A quantitative systematic
review. Ultraschall in der Medizin 2012; 33:E132-7 .
23.
Balki M. Locating the epidural space in obstetric patients-ultrasound a useful tool:
continuing professional development. Can J Anaesth 2010;57:1111–26.
24.
Turnbull DK, Shepherd DB. Post-dural puncture headache: Pathogenesis, prevention
and treatment. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91 :718–29.
25.
Nathan N, Wong CA. Spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia: Anatomy, physiology,
and technique. In: Chestnut D, Wong C, Tsen L, Ngan Kee W, Beilin Y, JM M, editors.
Chestnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier
Saunders; 2014. p. 229–60.
26.
Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD, Wong M, Ng F, Lee A. Spinal ropivacaine for cesarean
delivery: a comparison of hyperbaric and plain solutions. Anesth Analg 2002;94:680–5.
27.
Ginosar Y, Mirikatani E, Drover DR, Cohen SE, Riley ET. ED50 and ED95 of
intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine coadministered with opioids for cesarean delivery.
Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 676-82.
28.
Carvalho B, Durbin M, Drover DR, Cohen SE, Ginosar Y, Riley ET. The ED50 and
ED95 of intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine with opioids for cesarean delivery.
Anesthesiology 2005;103:606–12.
29.
Khaw K, Ngan Kee W, Ng F, Leung P. Dose-finding comparison of spinal
levobupivacaine and bupivacaine for caesarean section. Int J Obs Anesth. 2004;13
(Suppl):S2.
30.
Celleno D, Parpaglioni R, Frigo MG, Barbati G. Intrathecal levobupivacaine and
ropivacaine for cesarean section. New perspectives. Minerva Anestesiol 2005;71: 521–
5.
31.
Chen X, Chen H, Lou A, Lü C. Dose-response study of spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine
for cesarean section. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2006;7:992–7.
32.
Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD, Wong EL, Liu JY, Chung R. Spinal ropivacaine for
cesarean section: a dose-finding study. Anesthesiology 2001;95: 1346-50.
33.
Roelants F. The use of neuraxial adjuvant drugs (neostigmine, clonidine) in obstetrics.
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006;19:233–7.
34.
Loubert C. Fluid and vasopressor management for Cesarean delivery under spinal
anesthesia: Continuing Professional Development. Can J Anesth 2012; 59: 604–19.
35.
Langesaeter E, Rosseland LA, Stubhaug A. Continuous invasive blood pressure and
cardiac output monitoring during cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blind