Toshkent farmatsevtika instituti ekologiya va mikrobiologiya kafedrasi kimyoviy mikrobiologiya fani bo

VII. MUSTAQIL TA’LIM MAVZULARI

Mustaqil ishni tashkil etishning shakli va mazmuni

Tinglovchilarning mustaqil ishi o‘rganilayotgan mavzu yuzasidan ma’lumotlarni axborot texnologiyalarining imkoniyatlaridan keng foydalangan xolda yig‘ish, olingan ma’lumotlarni mustaqil ravishda ishlab chiqish, tahlil qilish va amaliyotda qo‘llay olishdan iborat bo‘lib, uning shakllari turli ko‘rinishda bo‘lishi mumkin. Mustaqil ishga mo‘ljallangan mavzular quyida keltiriritilgan.

Tinglovchilarning mustaqil ishiga shuningdek, bitiruv malakaviy ishlarini bajarilishi borasida olib boradigan faoliyati ham kiradi.

Mustaqil ishni bajarish natijalari baholanadi. Uyga vazifalarni bajarish, qo‘shimcha darslik va adabiyotlardan yangi bilimlarni mustaqil o‘rganish, kerakli ma’lumotlarni izlash va ularni topish yo‘llarini aniqlash, internet tarmoqlaridan foydalanib ma’lumotlar to‘plash va ilmiy izlanishlar olib borish, mustaqil ravishda ilmiy manbalardan foydalanib ilmiy maqola va ma’ruzalar tayyorlash kabilar tinglovchilarning mashg‘ulotlarda olgan bilimlarini chuqurlashtiradi, ularning mustaqil fikrlash va ijodiy qobiliyatini rivojlantiradi.

Mustaqil ta’lim mavzulari
1.Mikroskopni tuzilishi. Mikrobiologik tekshirish usullari.

2.Bakteriya hujayrasining asosiy struktur komponentlari va funksiyasi. Prokariot va eukariot hujayralarining tuzilishi.

3.Mikroorganizmlar fiziologiyasi: oziqlanish, bakteriyalar oziqlanishida noorganik moddalarning ahamiyati. Biologik oksidlanish yoki bakteriyalarni nafas olishi. Bakteriyaning o‘si-shi va ko‘payishi.

4.Mikroorganizmlarning fermentativ xususiyatlaridan amaliyotda foydalanish va ahamiyati. Bijg‘ish va oksidlanish jarayonlari. Ularning sanoat amaliyotdagi ahamiyati.

5.Mikroorganizmlar irsiyatining tibbiyotdagi ahamiyati. Viruslar irsiyati.

6.Mikroorganizmlar ekologiyasi, atrof-muhit mikroflorasi. Oziq-ovqatlar va boshqa mahsulotlar mikroflorasi.

7.Infeksiya shakllari. Yuqumli kasalliklarning tarqalishi. Yuqumli kasalliklar ximioterapiyasi

8.Immun sistema hujayralari, ularning rivojlanishi, vazifa-lari. Immunitetning namoyon bo‘lish shakllari. Immun tizimiga bog‘liq kasalliklar. Dori vositalarining immun sistemasiga ta’siri.

9.Zamburug‘lar keltirib chiqaradigan kasalliklar (kandidozlar).

10.Ovqatdan zaharlanish toksikoinfeksiya qo‘zg‘atuvchilari.

11.Rikketsiya, xlamidiya va mikoplazmalar qo‘zg‘atuvchi kasalliklar

12. Viruslarning infeksion xossalari (gerpes virus, onkogen viruslar).

VIII.TESTLAR
KIMYO MIKROBIOLOGIYA FANIDAN TESTLAR

1.Bakteriyalarning "binar nomenklaturasi" nimani bildiradi?

+avlod va tur nomini

-oila va tur nomini

-oila va avlod nomini

-avlod va shtamm nomini

2.Mikroorganizmlar klassifikatsiyasi muallifi va taklif etilgan yilni ko‘rsating?

+Berdji, 1923 - Berdji, 1900

- Linney, 1892 - Linney, 1923
3.Sal egilgan ko‘rinishiga ega bo‘lgan bakteriyalar nima deb ataladi?

+ vibrion - spirillalar

- treponemalar -leptospiralar
4.Prokariotlar va eukariotlarning asosiy farkini ko‘rsating?

+ yadrosining tuzilishi

- qobig‘ining tuzilishi

- xlorofillning yo‘qligi

- Gramm usulida bo‘yalishiga qarab
5.Morfologik, fiziologik, genetik, patogen xususiyatlari bo‘yicha yakin qarindosh

mikroorganizmlar qaysi taksonomik kategoriyaga kiradi?

+tur - bo‘lim - oila - avlod
6."SHtamm" ma’nosiga qaysi tushuncha to‘g‘ri keladi?

+ xar xil ob’ektdan, ma’lum vaktda ajratib olingan bir tur mikroblar

- ozik muhitdagi bakteriyalarning to‘plami

- bakteriyalarning elementar tuzilish birligi

- bir xil kasallik qo‘zg‘atuvchi mikroorganizmlarguruxi
7.Antigen tuzilishi bilan farklanuvchi bir tur mikroblar qanday nomlanadi?

+ serovar - shtammlar

-biovarlar - klonlar
8.O‘ldirilgan va tirik mikroblardan tayyorlangan surtmani o‘rganish uchun

mikroskopiyaning qaysi usuli qo‘llaniladi?

+ lyuminissent - fazovo-qontrast

- qorong‘ilashtilgan mikroskopiya

- elektron mikroskopiya
9. Bo‘yashni qaysi usuli differensialga kiradi?

+ Gramm - Gins-Buri

- Ojeshko - Neysser
10.Bakteriyalarning xujayra devorini aniklash uchun qaysi usulda bo‘yash mumkin?

+ Gram - Gins - Buri

- Peshkov - Ojeshka
11.Sporaning tashqi muhit ta’siriga chidamliligi xamma sanab o‘tilgan

Xususiyatlar bilan ta’minlanadi. Qaysi xususiyatidan tashqari?

+bug‘langan suv - Fitikolinli kislota

- ishqor ionlari - Pikolin kislota

12.Nukleoidning ximiyaviy komponentlarini sanab o‘ting?

+ DNK, RNK - RNK, oqsil, lipidlar

-DNK va oqsillar - DNK, RNK, oqsillar
13.Qaysi mikroorganizmlarda volyutin donachalari doimo uchraydi?

+ korinobakteriya -bordetellalarda

- klebsiellalarda - spirillalarda
14. Bakteriyalarda uchraydigan kapsulalarning qaysi tiplarini bilasiz?

+ mikrokapsula va makrokapsulalarni

- enterokapsula

-sanab o‘tilganlarning xammasi

- Endokapsula
15.Patogen bakteriyalar kapsulasining ximiyaviy roli nimadan iborat?

+ fagotsitozdan ximoya qilish

- qurib qolishdan saqlash

- past temperaturadan saqlash

- ximiyaviy moddalar tasiridan saqlash
16.Kapsula xosil kilmaydigan bakteriyalarni ayting?

+ brutsella - klebsiellalar

- pnevmokokklar - toun qo‘zg‘atuvchilar
17.Surtamani fiksatsiyalash qilishdan maqsad?

+ curtmani oynaga yopishtirish

- preparatni zararsizlantirish

- bo‘yoqlarni yuvib tashlash

- optik zichlikni oshirish
18.Aktinomitsetlar sporasi bakteriyalar sporasidan qanday fark kiladi?

+ ko‘payishi uchun xizmat kiladi

- nisbatan chidamli

- oval shakliga ega

- organizmda xosil bo‘ladi
19.Mog‘or zamburug‘lari vakilini ko‘rsating?

+ pensillium - achitqilar

- aktinomitsetlar - kandidalar
20.Spiroxetalarning asosiy ko‘payish usulini ayting?

+ ko‘ndalang bo‘linish - kon’yugatsiya

- kurtaklanish - spora xosil kilish
21.Prokariotlarga sanab o‘tilgan mikroorganizmlarning xammasi kiradi, qaysi biridan tashkari?

+ zamburug‘lardan - bakteriyalar

- spiroxetalar -rikketsiyalar
23.Rikketsiyalarning bakteriyalardan asosiy farklari?

-tarqalishi

- bo‘linishi

- mikrokapsulasi

+ xujayra kulturalarda ko‘payishi bilan
24.Xujayra devoridan xalos bo‘lgan mikroorganizmlar gruppasi nima deb ataladi?

+ mikoplazmalar - virus

- rikketsiya - mikobakteriya
25.L-formali deb ataluvchi bakteriyalar varianti yo‘qotadi?

+ xujayra devorini - shilliq kavati

- makrokapsulasi - mikrokapsulasi
26.Tashqi muhitdan bakteriya xujayrasiga ozik moddalarni tashuvchi

bo‘libxisoblanadi?

+ permeazalar - purinlar

- primedinlar - aminokislotalar

27.Xujayraga kiruvchi moddalarning asosiy boshkaruvchisi bo‘lib bakteriya

xujayrasining qaysi strukturasi xisoblanadi?

+ xujayra devori - SPM

- kapsula - liposomalar

28.Absolyut parazit xisoblangan mikroorganizmlar gruppasini ayting?

- zamburug‘lar - bakteriyalar

+ rikketsiyalar -prionlar
29.Ozik muhitlarga talabchan bo‘lgan bakteriyalar qaysi muhitlarda o‘stiriladi?

+ ishqorli agar - soton muhiti

- qonli agar - go‘sht peptonli agar
30.Qo‘llanilishi bo‘yicha ozik muhitlar bo‘linadi?

- sintetik + differensial – diagnostik

- murakkab - qattiq oziq muhit
31.Bakteriyani turini aniklashda qulay sharoit yaratish uchun ozik

muhitlarqo‘llaniladi?

- sintetik - yarim sintetik

- oqsilli + differinsial – diagnostik

32.Sintetik muhitlar qaysi maksadlar uchun qo‘llaniladi?

+ boyitish muhiti sifatida

- antibiotiklar ishlab chiqarishda

- geterogen bakteriyalarni o‘stirish uchun

-bakteriyalarni koloniyasini ajratish uchun
33.Tashqi muhit ob’ektlaridan mikroorganizmlarni batamom yo‘q qilish nima deb ataladi?

+ sterilizatsiya -aseptika

-antiseptika -dizenseksiya
34.Bosim ostida bug‘ yordamida sterillash o‘tkaziladi?

+avtoklavda - paster pechida

- kox apparatida - quritish shkafida
35.Kuruk issik xavo bilan strilizatsiya kilish uchun qaysi apparat qo‘llaniladi?

+Paster pechi - avtoklav

- bakteriotsid lampa -spirt lampasi
36."Sovuk" sterillash usuliga kiradi?

+ sanab o‘tilganlarni xammasi

- ultratovush

- gazli sterilizatsiya

-ultrabinafsha nurlari
37.Bakteriyalarning mexanik ajralish koidasiga asoslangan sof kulturani

ajratib olish usuli?

+Drigalskiy - Prays

- Fortner - Veynberg

38.Giss muhitiga ekilganda qaysi fermentlar aniklanishini ko‘rsating?

+ saxaralitik - patogenlik

- lipolitik -. preteolitik
39.Bir turdagi mikroorganizmlarning boshka turdagi mikroorganizmlar o‘sishini

to‘xtatishi yoki xalok kilishi nima deb aytiladi?

+ antagonizm - mutualizm

- parazitizm - kommensalizm

40.Mog‘or zamburug‘laridan olinadigan antibiotiklarni ayting?

+ penitsillin - allanin

- ampitsilin - polimiksin
41.Lipidlarning asosiy kismi kaerda joylashgan?

+ sitoplazma - yadroda

- kapsula - xivchin
42.Bakteriya xujayrasining xayot faoliyatida uglerodning roli?

+ energiya manbai xisoblanadi

- muhitning rN aniklaydi

- xujayraning zaryadini belgilaydi

- toksinlar sintezini ta’minlaydi
43.Odamning terisida qaysi mikroorganizmlar me’yorda bo‘ladi?

+ difterioidlar - enterakokklar

- bakteroidlar - antrakoidlar
44.Organizmning xayot faoliyatida ichak mikroflorasining axamiyati?

+ antoganistik xususiyatga ega

- toksinlar sintez kiladi

- ovqat xazm kilish jarayonini so‘ndiradi

-fermentlar metabolizmida katnashadi

45.Past xaroratga sezgir mikroorganizmlarni ayting?

+ meningokokklar

- gripp virusi

- vabo vibrioni

- qorin tifi salmonellari

46.Qaysi mikrooraganizmlar quritishga chidamli bo‘ladi?

- gonokokklar - treponemalar

- leptospiralar + Mikobakteriyalar
47.Ultrabinafsha nurlarning antimikrob ta’sirining mexanizmi?

+ oqsil denaturatsiyasi

-mutagen

- oqsilni eritish

- fermentlar inaktivatsiyasi
48.Antogonistik xususiyati anik ifodalangan mikroorganizmlarni ko‘rsating?

+ laktobakteriyalar - rikketsiyalar

- spiroxetalar - mikoplazmalar
49.Xujayra devori sintezini buzuvchi moddalar ta’sirida Gramm - manfiy

mikroblardan olingan subxujayrali shaklga ega bo‘lgan bakteriyalar nima deb ataladi?

+ L shaklli - protoplastlar

-sferaplastlar - mikoplazmalar

50.Avtonom genetik tuzilmalarga kiradi?

+ plazmidlar - mezosomalar

- ribosomalar - vakuollar
51.Immersion ob’ektiv necha barobar kattalashtiriladi?

+ IX90 - IX10 - IX20 - IX40

52.Qaysi ob’ektiv 630 barobar kattalashtirilib ko‘rsatadi?

+ X90 - X8 - X20 - X40

53.Kokklar qaysi shaklga ega?

- ipsimon + sharsimon

- batsiliyar - tayokchasimon
54.Kokklar o‘zaro asosan farqlanadi?

- o‘lchami bilan

- kiritmalari bilan

- koloniyalari bilan

- surtmada joylashishi bilan
55.Stafilakokklarning surtmada qanday joylashishini ko‘rsating?

- 2 tadan +uzum shingilisimon

- paketsimon - zanjirsimon
56.Qaysi kokklar Gram usulida manfiy bo‘yaladi?

- sarsinalar - mikrokokklar

- streptokokklar + Meningokokklar
57.Peptidoglikan bakteriyalarning qaysi struktura elementiga kiradi?

- spora - kapsula

- sitoplazma + xujayra devori
58.Qaysi organelalar xarakat organi bo‘lib xisoblanadi?

+ xivchinlar - sitoplazmatik membrana

- mitoxondriya - ribosomalar
59.Kiprikchalar qaysi funksiyani bajaradi?

- ximoya - xarakat

- sirg‘anish +yopishish
60.Zamburug‘larda spora qanday funksiyani bajaradi?

+ko‘payish - informatsiyani etkazish

- turni saqlash - oqsil sintezini
61.Bakteriyalarning sporasini aniklash uchun qaysi bo‘yash usuli qo‘llaniladi?

- Gramm + Ojeshko

- Morozov - Neysser
62.Sporasi xujayra diametridan katta bo‘lmagan bakteriyalarning nomi?

+ batsillalar - klostridiylar

- mikobakteriyalar - fuzobakteriyalar
63.Sporasi uchida (subterminal) joylashgan klostridiyalar qaysi kasallikni qo‘zg‘atadi?

+ qoqsholni - sil

- kuydirgi - gazli gangrena
64.Bakteriyalarning qaysi xususiyati kapsula xosil kilishi bilan bog‘langan?

- ko‘payishi - nafas olish

- o‘sishi + virulentlik
65.Bakteriyalarni kapsulasini aniklash uchun qaysi bo‘yash usuli qo‘llaniladi?

- Gramm - Ojeщko

- Neysser + Gins-Burri

66.Qaysi tekshiruv materialida sporali bakteriyalarni ko‘prok aniklash mumkin?

- suvda - ovkat koldiklarida

+ tuproqda - balg‘amda

67.Bakteriyalarning kapsulasiz shtammlarini olishda ularning qaysi xususiyati yo‘qoladi?

- yopishqoqligi + virulentlik

- turni saqlash - bo‘yoqlarga munosabati
68.Tayyor organik birikmalar bilan oziqlanuvchi bakteriyalar oziklanishi bo‘yicha qaysi turga mansub?

- autotroflar - paratroflar

- auksotroflar +geterotroflar
69.YUkumli kasalliklar qo‘zg‘atuvchilari oziklanishi bo‘yicha qaysi

mikroorganizmlargakiradi?

- autotroflar - fototroflar

+ geterotroflar - xemoautotroflar

70.Qaysi fermentlar anaeroblardan farqli ravishda faqat aeroblar tomonidan

sintez kilinadi?

- lipaza -amilaza

+ katalaza -gidrolaza

71. Suvda eruvchi pigmentlar sintez kiluvchi mikroorganizmni ko‘rsating?

+ psevdomonaslar - stafilokokk

- streptokokk - esherixiya
72.Mikrokokklarning surtmada joylashishini ko‘rsating?

- 6 tadan + betartib

- shingilsimon - 4 ta bulib
73.F-kiprikchalarning funksiyasi?

- ximoya

- xarakat

- bakteriyani substrastga yopilishini

+ jinsiy usulni eslatuvchi yo‘l bilan ko‘payishi
74.Teyxoy kislota bakteriyalarning qaysi struktura elementiga kiradi?

- spora - kapsula

- sitoplazma + xujayra devori
75.Bakteriya xivchinlarining egiluvchanligini nima ta’minlaydi?

- lipidlar + flagellin oqsili

- aktin oqsili -miozin oqsili
76.Volyutin donachalarini aniklash uchun qaysi bo‘yash usuli qo‘llaniladi?

- Ojeshka usuli + Neysser usuli

- Sil-Nilsen usuli - Gins-Burri usuli
77.O‘sish faktorini o‘zlari sintez kila oladigan mikroorganizmlar?

+ metatrof - auksotrof

- xemotrof - paratrof
78.Tabiiy sharoitda bir organizm 2-sining xisobiga yashab, unga zarar keltirmaydi

bu munosabatga?

- katalizm deyiladi

+ kommensalizm deyiladi

- parazitizm deyiladi

- antagonizm deyiladi

79.Mikrob xujayra devorini emiruvchi antibiotik?

- polienlar + penitsillin

- tetratsiklin - streptomitsin
80. Induktiv fermentlarga qaysi fermentlar kiradi?

+ gialuronidazalar - gidrolaza

- ligaza - oksireduktaza
81.Og‘iz bo‘shlig‘i mikroflorasining vakili?

- vibrionlar + spiroxetalar

- klebsiellalar - brutsellalar
82.Tish yuzasi pardasida uchraydigan mikrob?

- sarsinalar - batsillalar

-bakteriyalar +cpiroxetalar
83.So‘lakning bakteriotsid ta’siri nima bilan tushuntiriladi?

+ lizotsim borligi bilan

- fagotsitar xujayra mavjudligi

- antitelalar borligi bilan

- ishkoriy reaksiya
84.Bakteriyalarning invazion xususiyati qaysi ferment bilan bog‘liq?

- fosfataza, lipaza

- katalaza, peroksidaza

- transferaza, invertaza

+ gialuronidaza, neyrominidaza
85.Bakteriyalarning virulentligi ularning qaysi organoidi bilan bog‘liq?

- xivchin + kapsula xosil kilishi

- nukleoid - sitoplazma
86.Qiya kotirilgan ozik muhitda "o‘rmalab" o‘suvchi bakteriyalarni qaysi usul bilan

aniklash mumkin?

- Kox usuli -Prays usuli

- Fortner usuli +. Щukevich usuli

87.Xivchinlarni joylashishi bo‘yicha proteylar qaysi gruppaga kiradi?

+ peritrixlar - monotrixlar

- lofotrixlar - amfitrixlar
88.Mikroorganizmlarni bo‘yalishi qanday xususiyat?

-antigen - kultural

- morfologik +tinktorial
89.Kislorodli sharoitda nobud bo‘ladigan mikroorganizmlarning ko‘rsating?

- aeroblar + obligat anaeroblar

- obligat aeroblar -shartli anaeroblar
90.Bakteriyalar asosan qanday ko‘payadi?

- konyugatsiya yo‘li bilan

- disyuktiv yo‘l bilan

+ binar bo‘linish yo‘li bilan

- kurtaklanish yo‘li bilan
91.Fakat bir turdagi mikroorganizmlar-ning oziq muhitida yig‘indisiga nima deyiladi?

- biovar - fagovar

-serovar + Koloniya
92.Mikroorganizmning xamma xususiyatlarini o‘rganib identifikatsiya kilishdan maksad nima?

+ turni aniklash - klonni aniklash

-oilani aniklash - gruppani aniklash
93.Anaerob mikroorganizmning mikrobiologik laboratoriyada biologik usulda ajratib olish uchun qaysi usuldan foydalaniladi?

- Prays + Fortner

-Drigalskiy -flotatsiya
94.Universal ozik muhitini ko‘rsating?

- qonli agar + GPA GPB

-1% peptonli suv - kotirilgan zardob
95.Anaerob mikroorganizmning mikrobiologik laboratoriyada kimyoviy usulda ajratib olish uchun qaysi usuldan foydalaniladi?

- Prays +Aristovskiy

-Drigalskiy -flotatsiya
96.Mikroorganizmning ma’lum xususiyatlarini o‘rganish uchun ishlatiladigan oziq muhitini ko‘rsating?

-tinik +elektiv

-sintetik -yarim sintetik
97.Anaerob mikroorganizmning mikrobiologik laboratoriyada fizik usulda

ajratib olish uchun qaysi usuldan foydalaniladi?

- Prays +YOnar sham

- Drigalskiy - flotatsiya

98. Mikroorganizmning sof kulturasini ajratib identifikatsiya kilishda

qanday usul xisoblanmaydi?

-biokimyoviy - allergik

-serologik +bakterologik

99. Ekologiya fani nimani o‘rganadi?

+ Malum bir turni yashash joyi, makoni va organizmlarning yashayotgan muhitdagi o‘zaro munosabatlarni

- simbiozning parazitlik kiluvchi shaklini

- mikroorganizmlar xayotini

- zamburug‘lar xayotini
100. Antigen bilan stimullangan aktiv bo‘linayotgan T va V limfotsitlarning ma’lum o‘tishi bu?

+ immunologik paralich

- immunologik tolerantlik

- immunologik xotira

- immunologik sezgirlik
101.Xavo mikroflorasini sanitar ko‘rsatkichi qanday baxolanadi?

- kam titrga karab

- klostridiyalar borligiga karab

+ β gemolitik streptokokk borligiga karab

-enterobakteriyalarning borligiga karab
102.Xavo tarkibini mikrobiologik tekshirish uchun qaysi usuldan foydalaniladi?

- aspiratsion - titratsion

+ sedimentatsion -membranali filtr
103.Xavo orqali qaysi infeksiya tarqalishi mumkin?

- vabo + ko‘kyo‘tal

- qoqshol - botulizm
104.Tuproq orqali qaysi infeksiya tarkalishi mumkin?

-kizamik +qoqshol

-ko‘kyo‘tal - poliomielit
105.Tuproqni eski ifloslaganlik ko‘rsatikichini aniklang?

- enterokoklar - koli titr

- viruslar ko‘rsatkichi + perfringens titr
106.Anaerob mikroorganizmlarni o‘stirishda kimyoviy usulini ko‘rsating?

- Fortner + Aristovskiy

- mexanik - soat oynachalari usuli
107.Avtoklavda serillash qanday olib boriladi?

- cho‘g‘lantirish

- qaynatish usullari

+ xo‘l bug‘ bosimi ostida

- kizdirilgan quruq xavo ta’sirida
108.Dezinfeksiya deb nimaga aytiladi?

+ mikroorganizmlarni kimyoviy moddalar bilan yo‘q kilish

- fizik ta’sirlar bilan mikroorganizmlarni yo‘q kilish

- biologik ta’sirlar bilan mikroorganizmlarni yo‘q kilish

- quruq issik xavo okimini o‘tkazish
109.Dezinfeksiya uchun ishlatiladigan moddalarni ko‘rsating?

-suv +sovun

-ultratovush -ultrabinafsha nur
110. Ba’zi mikroorganizmlarga qarshi yuqori fiziologik aktivlikka ega bo‘lib, ularni o‘sishini yoki to‘liq ko‘payishini to‘xtatib qo‘yuvchi moddalarga nima deb ataladi?

-aspirin - aktinomitsetlar

+ antibiotiklar - ximioterapevtik preparatlar
111.Tuproqni ifloslanish ko‘rsatkich mikroblarini aniqlash uchun qaysi ozik muhitga ekiladi?

+ Kessler muhiti - sut-tuzli agar

- Kitt-Tarotssi muhiti - KKA
112.Tuproqni tekshirishda Endo muhitida unib chikkan qizil koloniyalar nimadan dalolat beradi?

+ tekshirilayotgan tuproqda E coli bor

- tekshirilayotgan tuproqda S tiphi bor

- tekshirilayotgan tuproqda E coli yo‘q

- tekshirilayotgan tuproqda S tiphi yo‘q
113. Tuproqni yangi ifloslanganlik ko‘rsatkichini aniklang?

- titrlash + koli indeks

- umumiy mikroblar soni -umumiy titr
114. Suvning koli-indeksini aniqlash uchun qanday usuldan foydalaniladi?

+ Kox usuli -mikroskopik

- sedimentatsion - membranali titr
115. Suvni tozalik darajasi ko‘rsatkichi nima?

+ saproblik

-enterokoklar ko‘rsatkichi

- stafilokoklar ko‘rsatkichi

- viruslar ko‘rsatkichi
116.Suvni ifloslanganlik ko‘rsatkichini aniklash uchun suvni qaysi ozik muhitga

ekiladi?

+ Endo muhitga - KKA muhitiga

-konli muhitiga -Vilson Bler muhitiga

117Operatsiyadan oldin operatsion xonalarda xavoning ifloslanganlik ko‘rsatkichi qanday bo‘lishi kerak?

+ patogen kokklarning yo‘qligi

-umumiy mikroblar soni 2500

-streptokokklarning borligi

-mikobakteriyalarning borligi

118.Toza ichimlik suvining ko‘rsatkichini belgilang?

+ koli indeks=3 - koli indeks=50.000

- koli indeks=500 - koli indeks=15000

119.Mikobakteriyalarning kislotaga chidamliligini qaysi modda ta’minlaydi?

- lipidlar - polisaxaridlar

- yog‘ kislotalari +mikolin kislota
120.Tibbiyot mikrobiologiyasi qanday mikroorganizmlarni o‘rganadi?

-azotfiksatsiyalovchi - nitrifakatsiyalovchi

+patogen mikroorganizmlarni

- nitrifikatsiyalovchi

121.Patogen bakteriyalar tuzilishi xususiyatiga karab qaysi guruxga kiradi?

- viruslar - eukariotlar

+ prokariotlar - mikoplazmalar
122. Xujayraning asosiy tuzilishi elementini ko‘rsating?

- xivchin - fimbriyalar

- kiritmalar + xujayra devori
123.Gramm-musbat bakteriyalar xujayra devorining asosiy tuzilishi kavatini

kursating?

- kapsula - lipoproteid

+ peptidoglikan - sitoplazmatik membrana

124.Spora xosil kiluvchi bakteriyalarni nima deb ataladi?

+ batsilla - bakteriya

- xlamidiya -rikketsiyalar
125.Mikoplazma qaysi tuzilish elementiga ega emas?

+ xujayra devor - lipoproteid

- kiritmalar - sitoplazmatik membrana
126.Mikroorganizmlar tashqi muhitda o‘z xayotini saklab kolish uchun nima xosil

kiladi?

+ spora - xivchin

- kapsula - kiritmalar

127. Kislotaga chidamli mikroorganizmlar qaysi usulda bo‘yaladi?

+ Sil – Nilson - Burri-Gins

-Ojeshko - Gram
128. Patogen bakteriyalar oziklanish bo‘yicha qaysi guruxga kiradi?

+geterotroflar - gipotroflar

-auksotroflar -xematroflar
129.Mikroorganizmlar kislorodli sharoitda xayot kechirib nafas olish bo‘yicha

qanday mikroorganizmlar xisoblanadi?

+obligat aeroblar - anaeroblar

-fakultativ anaeroblar -obligat anaeroblar

130. Mikroorganizmlar ishlab chikargan maxsulotlarni ko‘rsating?

+ pigmentlar - suv

- yog‘ kislotalari -antibiotiklar
131.Tekshirilayotgan stafilakokk kulturasi qaysi antibiotiklarga sezgir ekanligini ko‘rsating?

+ tetraksiklin 22 mm - oligamitsin 8 mm

- penitsillin 10mm - streptomitsin 13 mm
132.Burun- xalkumda doim uchraydigan mikroorganizmlarni ko‘rsating?

- proteylar - pnevmokokklar

- ichak tayokchasi + stafilokokklar
133.Ichakning normal mikroflorasini sifat va mikdor jixatdan buzilishi nimaga

olib kelishini ko‘rsating?

- sil - SPID

- kuydirgi + Disbakteriozga

134.Genetika -bu mikroorganizmlarni naslini va?

- bakteriya tuzilishini o‘rganuvchi fan

+ o‘zgaruvchanlik belgilarini o‘rganuvchi fan

- o‘zgarmas belgilarni o‘rganuvchi fan

- morfologiyasini o‘rganuvchi fan
135.Transformatsiyada nasliy belgilar donor xujayradan retsipient xujayraga

qanday uzatiladi?

+ faglar orqali - xivchinlar orqali

- aloxida DNK orqali - xujayralar orqali

136. R - faktor qanday belgilarga javobgar xisoblanadi?

- gemolitik xususiyati

- pigment xosil kilish xususiyati

+ antibiotiklarga chidamli xususiyati

- kolitsinogenlik xususiyati
137. Xayvon maxsulotidan olingan antibiotik moddasini ko‘rsating?

+ lizotsim - levomitsetin

- grammitsidin - penitsillin
138. Zamburug‘larni olingan antibiotiklarni ko‘rsating?

+ penitsillin - ampitsillin

- tetratsiklin - streptotsid
139. Xujayra devori sintezini to‘xtatuvchi antibiotikni ko‘rsating?

+ penitsillin - polimiksin

- eritromitsin -levomitsetin
140. Nuklein kislotalarni sintezini to‘xtatib qo‘yuvchi antiotiklarni ko‘rsating?

+ ampitsillin - kanamitsin

- rifampitsin - oleandamitsin
141. Birlamchi immunodefetsitlarga kiradi?

+ timus gipoplaziyasi

- yuqumli kasalliklar

- OITS

- somatik kasalliklar
142. Xujayra yuzasida joylashib xar bir moddalar bilan birikuvchi biomolekula?

+ retseptor - determinant

- shlepper - immunoglobulin
143. Bakteriyalarni antibiotiklarga sezgirligini aniklash usullarini ko‘rsating?

- aspiratsiya usulda

- sedimentatsion usulda

+ “qog‘ozli disk” yordamida

- membranali filtr yordamida
144. Kasaldan olingan patologik materialdan bakteriyalarning sof kulturasini ajratib olinadi. Bundan maksad nima?

+ turini aniqlash uchun

- biovarini aniqlash uchun

-morfologiyasini aniqlash uchun

-zaxar xosil kilishini aniqlash uchun
145.Bakteriyalarning sof kulturasini ajratib olish uchun material zich ozik

muhitga sektor bo‘yicha shtrix xolida ekiladi. Bundan maksad nima?

+ gazon shaklida o‘stirib olish uchun

- bakteriyalarni yalpi o‘stirib olish uchun

- aloxida o‘sgan koloniyalar olish uchun

- bakteriyalarni "o‘rmalab" o‘sishini olish uchun

146.Plastinkali agarda o‘stirishda S-formali koloniyalar o‘sib chikadi. SHu koloniyalarning asosiy belgilarini ko‘rsating?

- burishgan + silliq

- shilimshik - g‘adir-budir (notekis)
147.Bakteriyalarning o‘sishini S-formadan R-formaga o‘tishida ularni qaysi asosiy

xususiyati o‘zgaradi?

- fagga chidamliligi

+ virulentligi

- pigment xosil kilish

- bakteriyaning ichki tuzilishi

148.YUkumli kasallikning yakuniy diagnozi uchun davolovchi shifokorga

bakteriologning axboroti kerak, xususan qaysi axborot olinishi kerak?

+ bakteriyalarning turi - bakteriyalarning sinfi

- bakteriyalarining avlodi

- bakteriyalar morfologiyasi
149.Bakteriyalarga xos bo‘lmagan ko‘payish yo‘lini ko‘rsating?

- konyugatsiya + disyuktiv

- binar bo‘linish - kurtaklanish
150.Qorong‘ilashtirilgan mikroskop yordamida o‘rganiladi

- mikroblarning xarakati

+ mikroblarning kapsulasi

- xujayra struktura tuzilishi

- viruslar morfologiyasi
151. Sun’iy oziq muhitlarga qo‘yiladigan talablar qaysi?

- etarli harorat, etarli oziq moddalar, sterillik

- optimal rN, sterillik, etarli harorat

- etarlicha mikroelementlar, sterillik, tiniqlik

+ etarli namlik, optimal rN, tiniqlik steril
152.Kon’yugatsiya jarayonida F+ faktor orqali nima o‘tkaziladi?

+ DNK kismi - RNK kismi

- lipopropeid - oqsil molekulasi
153.Tabiiy sharoitda mikroorganizmlar ikkala tomon uchun xam foyda keltiradigan

ma’lum munosabatlarda bo‘ladi. Bu munosabatga nima deyiladi?

+ mutualiz - neytralizm

-parazitizm -antoganizm

154.U yoki bu modda bakteriyalarning o‘sishi va rivojlanishini to‘xtatsa, unga nima deyiladi?

- bakteriotsid ta’sir

- oligodinamik ta’sir

+ bakteriostatik ta’sir

- konkurent birlashish
155.Meditsina amaliyotida piogen kokklarning o‘sishi va rivojlanishini bostirish maksadida antiseptik jarayonlarda qanday moddalar qo‘llaniladi. Qaysi biri ekanligini ko‘rsating?

+ KMg O4 - tetraksilin

- briliant ko‘ki - vodorod peroksidi
156.YUkori o‘simliklar tomonidan ishlab chikiladigan anbiotiklarni ko‘rsating?

+ fitonsidlar -polimiksin

-pensillin -tetraksilin
157. Mikrob xujayrasidan tayyorlangan surtmani fiksatsiya?

+ Pirke -Mantu

- Montene - Smit
158. M immunoglobulin nimadan iborat?

- monomer - tetramer

- trimer + pentamer
159. Dunyoda birinchi marta pensillinni kashf kilgan olimni ko‘rsating?

- L.Paster - Z.Vaksman

+ A.Fleming - I.I.Mechnikov
160. Platsenta orqali o‘ta oladigan immunoglobulinni ko‘rsating?

-Ig D -Ig E +IgG -IgA

161. Antigenlar bilan birinchi bo‘lib qaysi xujayra aloka kiladi?

+makrofaglar - V limfotsitlar

- T xelperlar - plazmotsitlar
162.Lizotsimning ta’sir mexanizmini ko‘rsating?

- xujayra kapsulasini emiradi

+ xujayra devoridagi peptidoglikanni emiradi

- xujayra devoridagi teyxoy kislotasini emiradi

- xujayra nukleodini emiradi
163.Sezuvchanlik darajasini, disk atrofidagi o‘sish to‘xtagan zonaning diametr kattaligi bilan baxolanadi. Qaysi antibiotikga kultura o‘rtacha sezuvchanlikka ega?

- pensillin =2mm - eritromitsin =32 mm

+Streptomitsin =18 mm - oleandomitsin=1 mm
164.Qanday peraparat ta’sirida ostida protoplastlar emiriladi?

- ekmolin - rafanin

- lizotsim + penitsilin
165.Sferaplast va protoplastlarning kuzatish uchun mikroskopik kuzatishning

qanday usullari qo‘llaniladi?

+ lyuminessentli

- fazali qontrast

- yorug‘lik maydonida

- immunoflyuressensiya usuli

166.Xazm kilish sistemasining mikroflorasini tashqil kiluvchi asosiy

vakillarini ko‘rsating?

- zamburug‘lar

- klostridiyalar

- stafilakokklar

+ laktobakterium, bifidobakterium

167.Bo‘lib o‘tgan yukumli kasallik simptomlarini kaytalanishi?

- aralash infeksiyasi - tashuvchanlik

+ retsediv - reinfeksiya

168. Tish yuzasi pardasida uchraydigan mikroorganizmlarni ko‘rsating?

- sarsinalar - klebsiellalar

- leptotrixlar + Enramoela buccalis

169. Zamburug‘lar yadro tuzilishiga karab qanday mikrorganizmlarga kiradi?

+ eukariotlarga - prokariotalarga

- aktinomitsetlarga - mikoplazmalarga
170. Zamburug‘ xujayralari nima deb ataladi?

+ mitseliy - sporalar

-druzzlar -zoosporalar
171. Mitseliy ichida joylashgan zamburug‘larning sporalari nima deb ataladi?

- druza + kondiya

- zoospora - Endospora
172 .Sizlarga malum bo‘lgan mog‘or zamburug‘lari vakillarini ayting?

- Actinomycetae + Aspergillus

- Strepomyces - Cocciodes immitie
173. Achitqilarning o‘ziga xos morfologik xususiyatlarini ko‘rsating?

+ mitseliy xosil kilmaydi

- "mo‘ykalam" ko‘rinishidagi kandidalar

- ichida joylashgan Endosporali sporalar

- mitseliysi septirlagan
174. Aktinomitsetlar meditsina uchun qanday foydali axamiyatga ega?

- oqsil maxsulotlari - vitamin maxsulotlari

- aminokislota maxsulotlari

+ antibiotik maxsulotlari

175. YUqori rivojlangan aktinomitsetlarni ko‘payish yo‘llarini ko‘rsating?

+giflar bilan

-pigmentlar bilan

-fragment bilan

-xujayra devorlari bilan
176. Qaysi bakteriyalarda polimorfizm xususiyati bor?

+ rikketsiyalar - viruslarda

- aktinomikozlarda -enterobakteriyalar
177.Mikrokokklarning surtmada o‘ziga xos joylashishini ko‘rsating?

+ betartib - shingilsimon

- zanjirsimon - to‘rtta bo‘lib
178. F - kiprikchalarning asosiy vazifasi nimadan iborat?

+ jinsiy yo‘l bilan ko‘payish

- bakteriyaning subsratiga yopishishni (adgeziyani) taminlash

- antibiotiklarga chidamliligini taminlash

- ximoya vazifasi
179.Bakteriyaning qaysi strukturasida teyxoy kislota mavjud bo‘ladi?

-sporada -kapsula

-sitoplazmada +xujayra devorida
180. Quyidagi fermentlarning qaysi biri agressinlarga kiradi?

+ fibrinolizinlar - oksidaza

- ligaza - saxarolitik ferment
181. Elektiv muhitlarga quyidagilar kiradi?

+ ishkorli agar

- ivitilgan zardobli muhit

- GPAli muhit

- qonli agarli muhit
182. Pigment xosil bo‘lishi

- ko‘pincha patogen bakteriyalarda kuzatiladi

+ bakteriyalarni UB-nurlardan saklaydi

- kislorodsiz sharoitda kuzatiladi

- ozik moddalar zaxirasini (zapasini) to‘planishiga olib keladi
183. Qaysi allergik reaksiyalarni desensibilizatsiya yordamida oldini olish mumkin?

+ darxol yuzaga chikuvchi yukori sezuvchanlik

- darxol va asta sekin yuzaga chikuvchi yukori sezuvchanlik

- asta sekin yuzaga chikuvchi yukori sezuvchanlik

- tez yuzaga chiquvchi yuqori sezuvchanlik
184. Ko‘z yoshining bakteriotsid ta’siri nima bilan tushuntiriladi?

- nordon reaksiya

- ishkoriy reaksiya

+ lizotsimning mavjudligi bilan

- fagotsitar xujayralarning
185. Qanday belgilariga ko‘ra infeksion kasalliklarni "zoonoz" deyiladi?

- klinik shakllariga

- yuqish yo‘llariga ko‘ra

- tarkaalish darajasiga ko‘ra

+ infeksiyaning manbaiga ko‘ra
186.Virulent mikroorganizmlar bir necha xususiyatlar majmuiga ega, masalan adgeziya. Bu qanday xususiyat?

- fagotsitozni bostirish

- enterotsidlarning yuzasida ko‘payish

- epitelial xujayraga kirish kobiliyati

+ mikroblarning sezgir xujayralarda yopishishi
187.Ba’zi bir bakteriyalar sintez kiluvchi va viruslarning tarkibiga kiruvchi patogenlik fermentini ko‘rsating?

- DNKaza - polimeraza

- oksidareduktaza + gialorinidaza, neyraminidaza
188.Patogen bakteriyalar neyraminidaza, gialuronidaza kabi agressiv fermentlarni ishlab chikish xususiyatiga ega. Bakteriyalarni qaysi xossalari shu fermentlar bilan bog‘langan?

- adgeziv + invazion

- saxaralitik - proteolitik
189. Fagotsitar reaksiyalarni bostiruvchi omillar xujayra strukturasiga kiruvchi

kimyoviy birikmalardir. Bu qanday strukturalar?

- xivchin + kapsula

- fimbriyalar - kiprikchalar

190. Virulentlik patogenlik darajasini xarakterlaydi va nisbiy kabul kilingan birliklarda o‘lchanadi. Agarda xalok bo‘lgan xayvonlarning mikdori 50% bo‘lsa Bu birlik nima deyiladi?

+ DLM 50 - DCL

- DLM - infeksion doza
191.Kimyoviy tabiatiga ko‘ra toksinlar bir biridan farq kiladi. Ekzotoksinlar tabiatiga ko‘ra, asosan (kimyoviy birikmani ko‘rsating) bo‘ladilar?

- lipidlar + oqsillar

- glikolipidlar - polisaxaridlar
192.Ekzotoksinlar Endoksinlardan makroorganizmlarga ta’sir kilishi bilan

farqlanadi bu farkni ko‘rsating?

+ tanlab tasir ko‘rsatish - zaxarlilik

- invazionlik - immunogenlik

193.Patogen bakteriya xar xil yo‘llar bilan yukadi. Transmissiv yuqish yo‘lidagi

asosiy omillari ko‘rsating?

- suv orqali - platsenta orqali

+ xashoratlar chaqishi orqali

- xayvonlar tishlashi orqali
194. Teri infeksiyalari qaysi yo‘llar bilan yukadi?

- xavo + kantakt yuli bilan

- suv orqali - ichak infeksiyalari orqali
195. Qanday sharoitlarda antropozoonoz infeksiya yuzaga keladi?

+infeksiya manbai odam va xayvon

- infeksiya manbai – odam

-infeksiya manbai xayvon

-infeksiya manbai xashorot
196.Stafilakokklar boshqa kokklardan qaysi xususiyatlari bilan ajralib turadi

+ tashqi muhitga chidamli

- dezinfeksiya moddalariga chidamsiz

- suvda uzoq saqlanadi

- tuproqda doimiy bo‘ladi
197. Qo‘zg‘atuvchining qonda ko‘payishi?

- bakterimiya - toksenemiya

+ septitsemiya -septikopiemiya
198.Korin tifi bilan kasallaganda pnevmoniya vujudga kelishi mumkin. Infeksiyani bu formasi nima deb ataladi?

+ aralash - reinfeksiya

- superinfeksiya - ikkilamchi infeksiya
199.Sog‘ayish jarayonida kasallik yana rivojlanadi, infeksiyaning bu formasi nima deyiladi?

- aralash - reinfeksiya

+ superinfeksiya - ikkilamchi infeksiya

200. Infeksion kasallik bilan kasallagandan so‘ng kasallik qo‘zg‘atuvchi organizmda bir necha yil davomida saklanishi mumkin. Infeksiyani bu formasi nima deb ataladi?

- latent - persistensiyalanuvchi

- innapparant + surunkali

Chemical microbiology 1000 – Tests

1. Who was the first saw and described microorganisms?

- Hippocrates.

+ Leeuwenhoek.

- L. Pasteur.

- R.Koh.
2. Who is the first to prove the cause of fermentation and putrefaction?

- Leeuwenhoek.

- L. Pasteur.

+ R.Koh.

- E.Ru.
3. Who is the first time a theory of phagocytosis?

- L. Pasteur.

- R.Koh.

- S.Vinogradsky.

+ I.Mechnikov.

4. Who first discovered viruses.

- R.Koh.

- And Mechnikov.

- L. Pasteur.

+ D.Ivanovsky.
5. Mikrobiologiya- science that studies:

- Plant physiology.

- The genetics of animals.

- The nature of the environment.

+ Morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology of microbes.
6. For the first time introduced the practice of microbiology solid nutrient media:

- L. Pasteur.

+ R.Koh.

- S.Vinogradsky.

- I.Mechnikov.
7. The founder of soil microbiology:

- L. Pasteur.

- R.Koh.

+ S.Vinogradsky.

- I.Mechnikov.
8. To see the germs used:

+ Microscope.

- telescope.
- phonendoscope.

- probe.
9. The main objective of the bacteriological laboratory:

- The study of the epizootic situation.

- Development of the planned measures.

- Analysis of statistical data.

+ Diagnostics of diseases of humans and animals.

10. Which departments are in the bacteriological laboratory:

- epizootic.

- therapeutic.

+ Bacteriological, serological, virological.

- operational.
11. Diplokokki- spherical micro Location:

- Singly or randomly.

+ Pairs.

- In the form of a bunch of grapes.

- A chain.
12. The morphology of spirochetes bacteria, having the form:

-length, thick sticks with sharp ends,

helical crimped rods with 4-6 coils,

+ cells with long helical thread axis,

-izognutogo cylinder that resembles a comma
13. Micrococci - spherical bacteria located:

- In the form of regular packets 8-16 cells or more.

+ Singly or randomly.

- Pairs.

- Asymmetrical clusters.
14. Micro-organisms that lack a true cell wall, but instead it has a three-layer cytoplasmic membrane, called:

- Actinomycetes.

+ Mycoplasmas.

- Spirochetes.

- Rickettsia.
15. Staphylococci-spherical bacteria located:

- Four cells.

- A chain.

+ In the form of grapes.

- Pairs.
16. As part of the organic substances of microbial cells are the largest number of accounts for:

+ Carbon.

- Oxygen.

- Nitrogen.

- Hydrogen.
17. Mutant microbes, which are partially or completely lost the ability to synthesize the peptidoglycan called bacteria - form.

- S-.

- O-.

- M-.

+ L-.
18. The bulk of the microbial cell protein is:

- Lipoproteins.

- Glyukoproteidy.

+ Nucleoproteins.

- Enzymes.
19. The unicellular microorganisms are Gram-positive, tending to branching, combined titled:

- Rickettsia.

- Mycoplasma.

- Spirillum.

+ actinomycetes.
20. The composition of microbial cells the least amount accounted for:

- Carbon.

- Oxygen.

- Nitrogen.

+ Hydrogen.
21. Streptococci - spherical microorganism is located:

- Pairs.

- Singly, in pairs or randomly.

- In the form of packets and a cell 8-16.

+ As a chain.
22. The content of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the organic composition of the microbial cells reaches:

- 20-30%.

- 30-40%.

- 60-80%

+ 90-97%.
23. Tetrakokki - spherical bacteria located:

- A chain.

+ Four.

- Singly or randomly.

- Pairs.
24.Ot adverse environmental factors bacilli protected form inside the cell:

- The lysosome.

- Ribosome.

- Vacuole.

+ Dispute.
25. The most representative minerals microbial cells:

+ Phosphorus and sodium.

- Sulfur and calcium.

- Potassium and magnesium

- Iron and chlorine
26. sartsiny - cocci located:

- Pairs.

- Singly and randomly.

- Four cells.

+ In the form of packets on 8-16 cells or more.
27. Monotrihi - bacteria:

+ Flagellum at one end.

- With a bunch of flagella.

- One or more flagella at opposite ends.

- With flagella arranged across the cell surface.
28. cholerae - bacterium shaped:

+ Curved sticks resembling a comma.

- Helical crimp rods with 3-5 turns.

- Long spiral cell with an axial thread.

- Straight or curved rods with a club-bulges at the ends.
29. Lofotrihi -bakterii:

+ With a bunch of flagella.

- One or more flagella at opposite ends.

- With flagella arranged across the cell surface.

- Without flagella.
30. spirillae - micro-organisms:

- A long spiral of cells with an axial thread

- Clavate with thickenings at the ends of rods.

- A filamentous cells.

+ A helically crimped rods with 3-5 turns.
31. Amfitrihi - bacteria:

- With a single flagellum.

+ One or more flagella at opposite ends.

- One or more flagella at one end.

- With flagella across the cell surface.
32. Peretrihi - bacteria:

- With a single flagellum.

- With a bunch of flagella.

- One or more flagella at opposite ends.

+ Co flagella across the cell surface.
33. asexually reproduction is not set in representatives from the class of fungi:

- Chytridiomycota.

- Zygomycetes.

+ Ascomycetes.

- Deytromitsety or imperfect fungi.
34. The protein is synthesized in microbial cells:

- Mesosoma.

- Nucleoid.

- Vacuoles.

+ Ribosomes.
35. Energy Center microbial cells:

- ribosome.

- Vacuole.

- Nucleoid.

+ Mesosoma.
36. What are the micro-organisms are a group of globular:

- Vibrio, spirochetes, spirillum.

- Clostridia, actinomycetes.

- Mycoplasma, vibrio, diplococci.

+ Micrococci, diplococci, streptococci, staphylococci.
37. What is represented by the nuclear unit of microbial cells:

- Plasmids polyribosomes.

- Peptidoglycan.

- Nucleoid, vacuoles.

+ Nucleoid, plasmids.
38. The main function of bacterial spores:

- The inclusion of a bacterial cell, giving rise to new cells.

- The structural component of cells, playing the role of reserve nutrients.

+ Conservation of bacteria in unfavorable environmental conditions.

- Organelles carrying out protein biosynthesis.
39. What are the micro-organisms are crimped forms?

- Vibrio, clostridium, bacillus, cocci.

- Streptococci, diplococci, sartsiny.

+ Vibrio, spirochetes, spirillum.

- Mycoplasma, spirochetes, bacteria.
40. What are the bacteria with a flagellum?

- Monotrihi.

- Amfitrihi.

+ Lofotrihi.

- Peritrichous.
41. Characteristics L-forms of bacteria. This bacteria:

- Completely devoid of a cell wall.

- Partially destroyed by the cell wall.

+ lost the ability to synthesize the peptidoglycan cell wall.

- Enclosed in ekzosporium.
42. Morphology diplokokkov. Globular cells located:

- In the form of regular packets 8-16 cells or more.

- A chain.

- Four cells.

- Pairs.
43. What are parasitic microbes inside the cell:

- Actinomycetes.

- yeast.

- Mycoplasma.

+ Viruses.
44. What is the nucleoid:

- Local intussusceptum cytoplasmic membrane.

- Organelles carrying out protein biosynthesis.

- The structural component of cells, playing the role of reserve nutrients.

+ Nucleus in bacteria.
45. What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall:

- Polysaccharides.

- Proteins and proteid.

- Lipoproteins.

+ Peptidoglycan or murein.

46. ​​What is the function of bacterial drinking:

- Organelles movement.

+ Attachment of germs to the substrates and the transfer of genetic material from a donor to a recipient.

- Organelles involved in metabolism.

- Carry out protein biosynthesis.

47. Morphology of Corynebacterium:

+ Direct or curved sticks with club-bulges at the ends.

- Straight, slightly curved rods.

- Sticks with chopped off the ends.

- Ovoid bacteria.
48. Morphology clostridia:

- Nonspore rod-shaped bacteria.

- Sticks, which the diameter of the dispute does not exceed the width of the cell.

+ Sticks, which the diameter of the dispute exceeds the width of the cell.

- Twisted bacteria.
49. The bacterial cells are measured in:

- Centimeters.

- Nanometers.

- Daltons.

+ Micrometers.
50. Viruses are measured:

- Centimeters.

+ Nanometers.

- Daltons.

- Micrometers.
51.Prokariotam include organisms containing:

- core.

+ Non core.

- mycelium.

- Disputes.
52. Eukaryote are organisms that contain:

+ Nucleus.

- Without a nucleus.

- mycelium.

- Disputes.
53. Villi of bacteria are used to:

- Breeding.

- Increase.

- Metabolism.

+ Movement.
54. tinctorial properties, all bacteria are divided into:

- Gram.

- Negative.

+ Gram and gram.

- Gram-positive and negative.
55. In fungi distinguish types of reproduction:

- sexual.

- Budding.

- vegetative.

+ Sexual, asexual and vegetal.
56.Vegetativnoe mushroom body called:

- Capsule.

- Disputes.

- Drinking

+ Thawed.
57. For coloring capsules are used, the following method:

- Gram.

- plain.

- Muller.

+ Mihina.
58. bacillus spores may be placed in a cage:

- Terminally.

- Central, subterminal, terminal.

- Central.

- Superficial.
59. The mycelium is composed of branching filaments called:

- Capsule.

- Disputes.

+ Gifom.

- Villi.
60. staining spores used, the following method:

- negative.

- Gram.

- plain.

+ Moller.
61. The main components of cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria are:

- Lipolisaharid

- Layered peptidoglycan

+ Teichoic acid

- Phospholipids
62. The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria includes:

- Phospholipids

- Lipolisaharidy

+ Peptidoglycan

- Permiazy
63. microvilli (drinking) are typical:

Gram +

- Gram-negative bacteria

- Mycoplasma

- Acid-fast bacilli
64. The flagella of bacteria provide:

- Conjugation of cells

+ Mobility

- Reception of bacteria to the epithelium

- The penetration of microbes in tissue
65. Power Sources carbohydrate penetrate into the cytoplasm of bacterial cells in the form:

- Polysaccharides

- Lipopolysaccharide

+ Monosaccharides

- Disaccharides
66. Toxic effects on the obligate anaerobes O2 due to accumulation:

- The end products of fermentation

+ Superoxide oxygen

- hydrogen peroxide

- Glitseraldegidfosfata
67. The capsule of bacteria:

- Suppresses phagocytosis

+ Increase osmoustoychivost

- It provides a selective transport of chemicals

- Prevents adsorption of bacteriophages
68. Specify the components that are unique to the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria:

- Phospholipids

+ Lipopolysaccharide

- Peptidoglycan

- chitin
69. invasiveness bacteria provide:

- Neuraminidase

+ Hyaluronidase

- Fibrinolysin

- Phosphatase
70. As part of the nucleotides:

Amino acid +

- Lipid

- Nitrogenous base

- Carbohydrate ribose or deoxyribose
71. The thymus is the site of maturation:

- B-lymphocytes

+ T-lymphocytes

- Plasma cells

- Natural killer
72. T - killers cause:

- The reaction of transplant rejection

- Resentment virus-affected cells

+ Activated effector T DTH

- The reaction of tumor rejection
73.Prikrepleniyu microorganisms to inhibit mucosal epithelium:

- Lysozyme secrets

+ secretory immunoglobulin A (Jg A)

- A high refresh rate of the epithelium

- The normal microflora
74. Statement of agglutination provides:

- Heating of the serum for 30 minutes at 56 °

- Use of soluble antigen

- The use of a slurry of bacteria growing in the S-form

+ The use of electrolyte solutions
75. The PHA is used:

- Killed microbial cells

- Extracts of dead microbial cells

+ soluble microbial antigens adsorbed on erythrocytes

- Live microbial cells
76. To put the precipitation reaction is used as an antigen:

- Living cells of the pathogen

- Dead cells of the pathogen

+ Soluble antigen microorganisms

- Soluble haptens pathogen
77. In setting up RSC as antigens used:

- Soluble antigens

- Soluble haptens

- Antigens adsorbed on erythrocytes

+ Whole microbial cells

78. Best fixation test organisms for the production RIF provides:

- Methanol

- A mixture of Nikiforov

+ Simple drying the slurry

- Wiring through the flame

79. The composition of penicillins are:

- A beta-lactam ring

+ Makrolaktonovoe ring

- Carbohydrate residues

- Peptides
80. clostridium include:

- Gram-positive rods

- Catalase sticks

- Oksidazopolozhitelnye sticks

+ Spore-forming bacillus
81. detected in a smear large Gram-positive spore sticks are characteristic of the genus:

- Corynebacteria

Clostridium +

- Actinomycetes

- Leykobaktery
82. The morphology of the cells pneumococcus:

- Large cocci in triads

- Small cocci in chains

+ Diplokokki with lanceolate tips

- Small cocci in triads
83. Specify the Gram-positive rods that do not have mobility:

- Bac.megaterium

+ Bac.anthracis

- Bac.cereus

g) Bac.subtilis
84. Small Gram staining kokkobatsilyarnye biopolyarno microorganisms typical for species:

- Br.melitensis

- F.tularensis

+ Y.pestis

g) Br. abortus
85. Specify the features characteristic of mycoplasmas:

- The smallest size

+ No cell wall

- polymorphism

- The variety of forms of reproduction
86. The main components of cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria are:

- Phospholipids

+ Layered peptidoglycan

- Lipopolysaccharide

- Proteins
87. microvilli (drinking):

- Uniformly distributed over the surface of the cell wall

- Located apical

- Ensure the mobility of cells

+ Offers attachment of microbes to the epithelium
88. Spore formation:

- Takes place under optimum conditions of cultivation

+ It is carried out only under adverse conditions of cultivation

- Intensified under adverse conditions of cultivation

- Is accompanied by inhibition of metabolism
89. The fat source power to penetrate into the cytoplasm of bacterial cells in the form:

+ Lipoproteins

- Fatty acids

- Glycerol

- Lipids
90. Disputes form:

- Bacteroides

- Treponemy

+ Bacilli

- Enterobacteria
91. Specific structure of Gram-negative bacteria:

- Flagella

+ Periplasmic flagellum

- capsule

- Ribosome
92. Pathogenic bacteria due to:

+ endotoxins

- Capsule

-sporami

- Resistant microorganism
93. During the multiplication of cells arranged streptococci

- Clusters

- Simple clusters

Chain +

- At an angle to each other
94. Rod Micrococcus included in the group

- Aerobic gram-positive cocci

- Facultative anaerobic gram-positive cocci

- Anaerobic gram-positive cocci

+ Facultative anaerobic gram-negative cocci
95. Describe the main features characterizing the genus Micrococcus

- The ability to grow anaerobically

- Fermentation of glucose anaerobically

+ immobility

- The presence of catalase
96. The bacterial cell wall functions as:

- Osmotic protection

- Selective transport of chemicals

- Energy center cells

+ Mechanical Protection
97. The capsule form of bacteria:

+ Polysaccharides

- Phospholipids

- Polypeptides

- Lipoproteins
98. The functional components of flagella are:

- lipids

+ Flagellin- protein

- Lipoproteins

- Lipopolysaccharide
99. Sexual drinking is characterized by:

- Viruses

Gram +

- Mycoplasma

- Mushrooms
100. The delivery of nutrients into the cytoplasm of bacterial cells is carried out by:

- Phagocytosis

- Pinocytosis

- Transport Transport proteins periplasmic space

+ Permeases cytoplasmic membrane
101. Constitutive enzymes are synthesized:

- In the presence of a specific substrate

+ Fixed

- During DNA replication

- When the metabolites substrate in synthetic processes
102. lipopolysaccharide are a major component:

+ Cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria

- The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria

- Streptococcal cell wall

- Cytoplasmic membrane
103. The Gram-positive bacteria comprise:

- Layered peptidoglycan

+ Teichoic acid

- Lipopolysaccharide

- The nuclear envelope
104. Virulence:

+ Is a measure of pathogenicity

- The concept of "virulence" and "pathogenicity" identical

- A specific character

- Increases in the passages on nutrient media
105. Location of bacterial genes:

- Plasmid

- Cytoplasmic membrane

- ribosome

+ Chromosome
106. The central authorities immunogenesis are:

+ Lymph nodes

- Clusters of lymphoid tissue in the submucosal layers

- spleen

- Bone marrow
107. The cytotoxicity of killer T cells due to:

- Speroksidnym oxygen

- Hydrogen peroxide

- Lysosomal enzymes

d) belkami- perforin

- Fatty acids

108. microbial invasion factors are:

+ Hyaluronidase

- Mukopolisaharidaza

- Microvilli

- capsule
109. Positive agglutination is recorded in the case of:

+ Education flakes agglutinate full enlightenment test serum

- Flocculation agglutinate partial enlightenment test serum

- Lack of control in the agglutinate antigen

- Flocculation in the control agglutinate antigen
110. The reaction of precipitation allows you to:

- Identify levels of antibodies in the serum

+ To determine the antigen in tissue extracts

- To identify the species of proteins

- To determine the titer of complement
111. Penicillin break:

- Binding peptide synthesis

- Education glikozidaznoy connection with the synthesis of peptidoglycan

- The synthesis of an intracellular protein

+ Permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane
112. The structure of DNA consists of:

+ Guanine, cytosine, thymine

- Deoxyribose

- Uracil, phosphoric acid

- Ribose
113. What are the differentiating factor, the composition of the incoming medium Endo

- glucose

Lactose +

- Saccharose

- urea
About 114 fresh fecal contamination of water show

+ Common coliforms (bacteria family Enterobacteriacea-

- Thermotolerant coliforms

- Reducing clostridia

- Enteroviruses
115. nodular bacteria include:

- Vibrio

+ Sartsiny

- Diplobakterii

d) spirillum
116. In a chain arranged:

- Staphylococci

+ Streptococci

- Tetrakokki

- Meningococcus
117. In a "grape bunches" are located:

- Meningococcus

- Streptococci

+ Staphylococci

- Tetrakokki
118. Feature lofotrihy:

- Have a single flagellum

- Flagella are arranged as bundles at both ends

+ Flagella are arranged as bundles at one end of bacteria

- Flagella are located on the perimeter
119. According to the location of the flagella bacteria are divided into:

+ On amfitrihii

- On diplokokki

- On autotrophs

- By heterotrophs
120. Staphylococci are arranged in the form:

- Packages

- Chains

- Single cells

+ Bunches of grapes
121. Disputes forms

+ Causative agent of botulism

- Typhoid bacillus

- E. coli

- Vibrio cholerae
122. Gram-negative bacteria are stained:

- Methylene blue

- Gentian violet

Magenta +

- Lugol solution
123. In the form of bales or packages are located:

+ Sartsiny

- Miktokokki

- Staphylococci

- Streptococci
124. The rod-shaped are:

- Spirillum

- Sartsiny

+ Bacteria

- Spirochetes
125. To obligate anaerobes include:

- Vibrio cholerae

Clostridium botulinum +

- Meningococcus

- Measles virus
126. Preserving the environment is:

- IPA

- BCH

+ Glycerin mixture

- Peptone water
127. Bacteriological method is used to diagnose:

- Hepatitis A

- Influenza

- Measles

+ Cholera
128. For simple environments include:

- IPA

Saline +

- Endo Agar

- Wednesday, Levin
129. According to the type of food the bacteria are divided into:

- Lofotrihii

+ saprophytes

- Anaerobes

- Dpilobakterii
130. P type respiratory germs are divided:

+ Optional

- Diplokokki

- Heterotrophs

- Streptococci
131. By the nature of power sharing germs:

- Aerobic

- Anaerobes

- Spirillum

+ Heterotrophs
132. For complex environments include:

- IPA

- BCH

+ Medium Endo

- saline
133. A soil transmitted infections:

- ARD

- measles

- rabies

+ Botulism
134. The source of infection is:

- water

- air

+ Dirty hands

- Sick animals
135. By the zoonotic infections include:

- flu

FMD +

- Cholera

- Shigellosis
136. anthroponotic infections include:

+ Shigellosis

- rabies

- glanders

- Salmonellosis
137. After the water is passed:

- Hepatitis C

- malaria

- measles

+ Typhoid
138. The mechanism of transmission is:

- Contact-household

- contact

- Food

+ Water

139. exotoxin released pathogens:

- Influenza

- ARD

Diphtheria +

- Dysentery

140. anthroponotic infections include:

- Anthrax

- glanders

- Foot and mouth disease

+ Measles
141. Through the air is passed:

- tetanus

- rabies

+ Measles

- Ehsherihioza
142. The source of infection are:

- linens

+ Lice

- Toys

- Bacillicarrier
143. The mechanism of transmission is:

- Food

- sexual

- Airborne dust

+ Transmissible
144. By the bacteria are pathogens:

- Influenza

+ Salmonellosis

- Measles

g) Malaria
145. anthroponotic infections include:

- brucellosis

- rabies

+ Scarlet fever

- Leishmaniasis
146. Pathogenicity - the ability to:

+ Cause infectious process

- Sensitize the body

- To break down glucose

- Break down

147. The mechanism of transmission is:

- Parenteral

+ Airborne

- sexual

- water
148. After the soil is passed:

+ Actinomycoses

- Hepatitis B

- Hepatitis C

- typhoid fever

149. transmissible transmitted by:

- flu

- angina

- diphtheria

+ Ebola
150. After the food is passed:

- malaria

- measles

- flu

+ Salmonellosis
151. Direct contact is transmitted:

- scarlet fever

- diphtheria

- Salmonellosis

Syphilis +
152. By the bacterial infections include:

- flu

- Giardiasis

- hepatitis A

+ Diphtheria
153. exotoxin release:

- E. coli

- Salmonella

+ Tetanus spores

- Foot and mouth disease virus
154. spirochetes cause:

- typhoid fever

Syphilis +

- flu

- meningitis
155. Antibiotics produce:

+ Mushrooms

- Pinworms

- Ticks

g) Mosquitoes
156. chemotherapeutic agents include:

+ Antibiotics

- Vaccine

- Serum

- tuberculin
157. antibiotics include:

+ Penicillin

- Glucose

- Rivanola

- Analginum
158. Viruses cause:

- syphilis

+ Measles

- typhoid fever

- typhus
159. Viruses cause:

Polio +

- Cholera

- Anthrax

- Paratyphoid A
160 simply calls:

- Foot and mouth disease

- Diphtheria

- flu

+ Malaria
161. Mushrooms cause:

+ Mycotoxicoses

- Dysentery

- glanders

- Malaria
162 Method of production of phages are:

- Powders

+ Tablet

- ointment

- Broth
163. Nature phages are:

- Mushrooms

- Bacteria

+ Virus

- Simple
164. Natural active immunity is produced as a result of:

- Administration of the vaccine

+ Myocardial disease

- The introduction of tetanus toxoid

- The introduction of immunoglobulin
165. Natural active immunity is produced as a result of:

- The introduction of serum

- The introduction of antibiotics

+ Myocardial disease

- Recurrent infection
166. Natural passive immunity is produced as a result of:

+ Production of antibodies through the placenta from mother

- Conducting a bacteriophage

- The introduction of serum

- This illness
167. Artificial passive immunity is produced by the introduction of:

- Diphtheria toxoid

+ diphtheria serum

- Tuberculin

- Bifikol
168. To place a serological test laboratory material is used:

- Feces

- urine

- bile

+ Blood
169. Artificial active immunity is developed after the introduction:

- Tuberculin

- Bifikol

BCG +

- Penicillin
170. For the diagnosis of intestinal infections, laboratory material is used:

- urine

- Cerebrospinal fluid

- sputum

+ Cal
171. By means of immunotherapy are:

- Antibiotics

+ Serum

- Nitrofurans

- Allergens
172. By means of immunotherapy are:

- Sulifanilamidy

- Pritovomalyariynye drugs

Immunoglobulins +

- Vaccine
173. Artificial active immunity is formed after the introduction:

- Gistoglobulina

+ DTP

- Bacteriophage

- Norsulfazola
174. The group of preventative medications include:

- aspirin

+ Vaccine

- Diagnosticums

- Allergens
175. The means of passive immunization are:

- BCG

- OPV

- Bifikol

+ Influenza immunoglobulin
176. Active immunity is produced as a result of:

- The introduction of serum

+ myocardial disease

- The introduction of a bacteriophage

- Antibiotic
177. Specific factors include the protection of the body:

- Phagocytes

Antibodies +

- Complement

- The normal microflora of the human body:
178. By the properties of the antigen include:

+ Foreignness

- virulence

- Pathogenicity

- Toxigenicity
179. To the central authorities of the immune system include:

- Spleen

- a heart

+ thymus

- blood
180. To the central authorities of the immune system include:

- blood

- Lymph nodes

- Skin

+ Tonsils
181. By the peripheral organs of the immune system include:

- stomach

+ lymph nodes

- Skin

- Mucosas
182. Cellular factors of nonspecific protection of an organism are:

- Antigens

- Antibodies

- Polynuclears

+ Complement
183. By means of active immunization include:

- Serum

+ vaccine

- Brucellin

- Maleinos
184. For non-specific humoral factors to protect the body include:

+ Macrophages

- Basophils

- Eosinophils

- Interferon
185. The means of immunotherapy is:

- Maleinos

- Antraksin

+ Protivosibireyazvenny globulin

- saline
186. By means of passive immunization include:

- Tularemia vaccine

- Influenza vaccine

- Typhoid vaccine

+ Tetanus toxoid
187. In order to identify infectious allergy allergen is introduced:

- Intramuscularly

- intravenously

+ Intradermally

- Orally
188. The specificity of the antigen due to the presence of him:

- A heavy chain

- Light chain

- The active center

+ Determinant group
189. The presence of specific antibodies is due to him:

- A heavy chain

- Light chain

+ Active center

- Determinant group
190. Increasing the concentration of Ig E observed at:

- Transplant rejection

+ hay fever

- Hemolytic disease of the newborn

- Serum sickness
191. Virological method used to diagnose:

- Salmonellosis

- Malaria

- Balantidiasis

+ Measles
192. Pathogenicity - this property:

- Biochemical

+ Specifications microbial strains

- Immunological

- Allergy
193. By the bacterial infections include:

- Varicella

- Smallpox

- Malaria

+ Diphtheria
194.Tuberkulin used for production:

+ Mantoux

- Reaction Schick

- Dick's reaction

- Determination of the ESR
195.V the soil for a long time saved:

- Measles virus

- Rubella virus

+ Causative agents of botulism

- Staphylococci
196.Parenteralnym passed by:

- Trichomoniasis

- syphilis

+ Salmonellosis

- typhoid fever
197. transmissible transmitted by:

- flu

HIV +

- measles

- Encephalitis
198. Food is a factor of transmission:

- Infections of integument

- Blood infections

+ intestinal infections

- Respiratory tract infections
199. Blood - factor of transmission:

HIV +

- Amebiasis

- Measles

- Scarlet fever
200. parenteral route can be transmitted:

- Measles

- Fever

- Hepatitis B

Hepatitis A +