Toshkent farmatsevtika instituti ekologiya va mikrobiologiya kafedrasi kimyoviy mikrobiologiya fani bo



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IX.GLOSSARIY


glossary

Termin

O`zbek tilidagi sharhi

Ingliz tilidagi sharhi

Abiotik omillar

jonsiz omillar – anorganik muhit omillari: yorug’lik, harorat namlik, tuproq, bosim kabilar tirik organizm faoliyatiga tasir etib, ularning hayotiga moslashuvida muhim ahamiyatga ega.

A site In a ribosome, a binding site that accommodates tRNA delivering an amino acid.

Abssess

abssess ( abssessis;lot. absissit- ajralmah.yiringlamoq sii apostema) – yiring to’lgan va atrofdagi to’qima hamda a’zolarda piogei parda bilan ajralib turgan bo’shliq.

Abscess An isolated site of infection such as a pimple, boil, or pustule.

Abssess gangrenozniy

Gangrenali abssess (sin.chirigan) -tarkibida chirigan yiring, sikvestrlar yoki detriy bo’ladigan abesess.

Abyssal zone In marine habitats, the zone of water beneath the benthic zone, virtually devoid of life except around hydrothermal vents.

Absessografiya

absessografiya (lot.abssesst – ajralmoq,yiringlamoq) – shakillanib bo’lgan absesessning unga kontrast modda yuborilib rentgen tasvirida tekshirish.

Acellular Noncellular.

Absolyutno smertelnaya doza

Absolyut o’ldiruvchi doza

Acetyl-CoA Combination of two-carbon acetate and coenzyme A.

Adgeziya

Adgeziya (lot. Adhesion - yopishish) – qattiq yoki suyuq jismlar bir birga taqalganida molekulyar tortish kuchlari tufayli sirtlarining bir-biriga yopishishi.

Acid Compound that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions.

Aerobi

Aeroblar - anaeroblardan farq qilib, erkin kislarodli yashovchi organizimlar.

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) (acid-fast fast rod, AFR) Bacilli that retain stain during decolorization by acidalcohol, particularly species of Mycobacterium.

Agglyutinasiya

Agglyutinasiya (lot. Agglutination - yopishish) tibbiyotda zarralar bakterialar qizil va oq qon tanachalari (eritrositlar va leykositlar) va boshqa xujayra elimentlarining agglyutininlar (qon zardobi) tasirida bir-biriga yopishib, g’uj-g’uj bo’lib tushishi.

Acid-fast rod (AFR) Bacilli that retain stain during decolorization by acid-alcohol, particularly species of Mycobacterium.

Agressini

Agressiv omillar – organizmning himoya kuchlariga ta’sir ko’rsatuvchi omillar.

Acid-fast stain In microscopy, a differential stain used to penetrate waxy cell alls.

Albumini

- Albuminlar – hayvon o’simlik to’qimalari tarkibiga kiradigan oddiy oqsillar.

Acidic dye In microscopy, an anionic chromophore used to stain alkaline structures. Works most effectively in acidic environments.

Anabioz

Anabioz (yunon. Anabiosis – tirik qolish) tiriklik faoliyatini vaqtincha susayishi. Bunda o’simlik yoki hayvon organizimidagi moddalar almashinuvi juda pasayib ketadi.

Acidophile Microorganism requiring acidic pH.

Anabolizim

Anabolizim (yunon. Anabole - ko’tarilish) organizimda modda almashinuvining bir tamonini tashkil etuvchi kimyoviy jarayonlar yig’indisi.

Acne Skin disorder characterized by presence of whiteheads, blackheads, and, in severe cases, cysts; typically caused by infection with Propionibacterium

Anemiya

Anemiya (an va yunon. Haima - qon) kamqonlik – qonning xajm birligida eritrositlar (qizil qon tanachalari) va gemoglabinning kamayish xolati.

acnes.

Assimilyasiya

Assimilyasiya (lot. Assimilatio – o’zlashtirish, qo’shilish) tirik organizimlarning tashqi muhitdan kiruvchi moddalarni o’zlashtirishi “O’zimniki qilib olish” jarayoni.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) The presence of several opportunistic or rare infections along with infection by huma immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or a severe decrease in the number of CD4 cells (<200/μL) along with a positive test showing the presence of HIV.

Avitaminoz

Avitaminoz (a.. , an.. va vitamin) organizimda vitaminlarning ko’p yetishmasligi natijasida paydo bo’ladigan kasallik.

Acquired (secondary) immunodeficiency diseases Any of a group of immunodeficiency diseases that develop in older children, adults, and the elderly as a direct consequence of some other recognized cause, such as infectious disease.

Active transport The movement of a substance against its electrochemical gradient via carrier proteins and requiring cell energy from ATP.

Avirulentnost

avirulentlik – kasallik keltib chiqarish xususiyati yo’qotilgan, patogenligi pasaygan mikroorganizm.

Actinomycetes High G + C Gram-positive bacteria that form branching filaments and produce spores, thus resembling fungi.

Avtoklav

elektr tarmog’i orqali suv bug’ini yuqori bosimda ta’sir etirib tibbiyotda sterilizasiya uchun ishlatiladigan apparat.

Actinomycosis Disease caused by Actinomyces; characterized by formation of multiple, interconnected abscesses in skin or mucous membrane.

Agar-agar

(mahalliy nomda agar-agar - shilimshiq) – qo’ng’ir va qizil suv o’tlarning ba’zilari (masalan anfelsiya)dan alohida usulda qaynatib olinadigan shilimshiq modda. Tarkibida 85-90% gacha uglevodlar 2-3 % oqsil 3-5% bor. Mikrobiologiyada (mikroorganizimlarni o’stirish uchun) ishlatildi

Activation energy The amount of energy needed to trigger a chemical reaction.

Asepticheskiy abssess

Aseptik abssess yiring mikobakteriyalarisiz yiringlatuvchi moddalar tushishidan yuzaga keladigan abesess.

Active site Functional site of an enzyme, the shape of which is complementary to the shape of the substrate.

Agglyutinasiya

agglyutinasiya- (lot. Agglitina tio- yopishirish )- osilma (muallaq) zarrachalar - bakteriyalar, eritrosiylar – leykositlar, trombositlar, to’qima hujayralar hamda ustiga antigen va antitelalar adsorbsiyalangan faol zarrachalari yopishtirib olish va cho’kish.




Agglyuminat

- agglyuminat (lot agglutinatum – yopishtirmoq) – agglyutinasiya jarayonida hosil bo’lgan cho’kma.


Agglyutinogeni Condition in which the release of inflammatory mediators overwhelms the body’s coping mechanisms.

Agromikrobiologiya-

agromikrobiologiya (lot. agti – ep+ gr miknos – kichik + gr. bios- hayot + gr. logos- ta’limot, sin. qishloq ho’jaligi mikrobiologiyasi) - mikroorganizimlarning yer hosildorligidan, ovqat mahsulotlardagina va o’simliklarni qayta ishlashdagi zaruriyatni o’rganuvchi, shunindek, mikroorganizimdan qishloq xo’jaligi ishlab chiqarishda foydalanish metodini ishlab chiqaruvchi mikroorganizimning bir bo’lagi.

Acute inflammation Type of inflammation that develops quickly, is short lived, and is usually beneficial.

Adaptasiya

adaptasiya (lot Adaptatio – moslashish: sin moslashuv) – xar qanday organizim o’zgargan yashash sharoitlariga moslashish sharti.

Adaptive immunity Resistance against pathogens that acts more effectively upon subsequent infections with the same pathogen.

Aktinomikoz

- aktinomikoz (gr Aktinomikos nurda gr muketos – zamburug’da gr – osis - kasallik, patologik xolat: sin nursimon zamburug’ kasalligi) - odam va hayvonlarning surinkali yuqumli kasalligi.

Adenine Ring-shaped nitrogenous base found in nucleotides of DNA and RNA.

Aktinomisiti

aktinomisitlar (gr Aktinos – nurda gr myketos – zamburug’, sin nursimon zamburug’lar ) – bakterialar bilan zamburug’lar o’rtasida oraliq o’rnini egallab turadigan ipsimon bo’lib shoxlanadigan gr “+” mikroorganizimlarni katta bir guruxga birlashtiruvchi schizomycetes – sinfiga mansub mikroorganizimlar tartibi.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) The primary short-term, recyclable energy molecule fueling cellular reactions.

Allergidi

llergidlar (gr allos boshqa, o’zgachada gr. ergonda tasir) allergik tabiatli toshmalarning umumiy nomi.

Adherence Process by which phagocytes attach to microorganisms through the binding of complementary chemicals on the cytoplasmic membranes.

Allergiya

llergiya (gr allos boshqa, o’zgacha gr. ergonda tasir) organizimlarning qandaydir moddalarning qayta tasir etishi yoki o’z to’qimalari kompanentlariga sezgirligi oshib ketishi ko’rinishida reaksiya o’zgargan xolati, uning asosida to’qimalar zarar topishi bilan kechadigan immunitet yotadi.

Adhesins Molecules that attach pathogens to their target cells.

Anilin

-Anilin (sin. Aminobenzol,fenilamin) – aromatik qatorining oddiy, o’ta zaxarli: bazi dori preparatlar va bo’yoq moddalarini olish.

Adhesion The attachment of microorganisms to host cells.

Agglyutinasiya

Agglyutinasiya –suyuqlikda tarqalgan bakteriya, eritrosit va boshqa turli hujayralarning bir – biriga yopishib, cho’kishi.

Adhesion factors A variety of structures or attachment proteins by which microorganisms attach to host cells.

Angina

(lot.ango-siqmoq,bo’g’moq)- streptokokk yoki stafilokokklar, kamroq mikroblar keltirib chiqaradigan o’tkir yuqumli kasallik, halqumning to’qimalari, aksari tanglay murtaklaridagi to’qimalar yallig’lanishi bilan yuzaga chiqadi; tomoq og’rig’i va o’rtacha umumiy intoksikatsiya kuzatiladi.

Adjuvant Chemical added to a vaccine to increase its ability to stimulate active immunity.

Antagonizm II

– mikroblar antagonizmi - mikroorganizmlar birga yashaganlarida bir turdagi mikroorganizmlar boshqa hayot faoliyatini so’ndirib qo’yishidan yuzaga chiqadigan antagonizm

Aerobe An organism that uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor.

Abiotik omillar

jonsiz omillar – anorganik muhit omillari: yorug’lik, harorat namlik, tuproq, bosim kabilar tirik organizm faoliyatiga tasir etib, ularning hayotiga moslashuvida muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Aerobic respiration Type of cellular respiration requiring oxygen atoms as final electron acceptors.

Abssess-

abssess ( abssessis;lot. absissit- ajralmah.yiringlamoq sii apostema) – yiring to’lgan va atrofdagi to’qima hamda a’zolarda piogei parda bilan ajralib turgan bo’shliq.

Aerosol A cloud of water droplets, which travels more than 1 meter in airborne transmission and less than 1 meter in droplet transmission.



X. ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI





  1. Muhamedov I. M. , Eshboev E. X. Mikrobiologiya, immunologiya, virusologiya. T. , “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” Davlat ilmiy nashriyoti. 2002. - 519 b.

  2. Microbiology and Immunology /Faculty of Pharmacy. General Microbiology Immunology .Edition 2015

  3. "Mikrobiolugiai Laboraturiumi Gyakorlatok 2013

  4. thedition sherris medisinskiy mikrobiologiya anintroductiontoinfectiousdiseases

  5. Kennet dj. rayan, merilend c. djordj rey, md redaktorыmcgraw-hillcopyright © 2004 mcgraw-hill companies

  6. Djeyms M. Djey Sovremennaya prodovolstvennaya mikrobiologiya SHestoy vыpusk Geytersburg, Merilend2000.

  7. Uchebnik: mikrobiologiya: klinicheskiy podxod Entoni Strelkoskas, Djennifer Strelkoskas, Daniell Moszik-Strelkoskas ISBN: 978-0-8153-6514-3. 2014

  8. Kaufmann, B., & Christen, P. (2002). Recent extraction techniques for natural products: Microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized solvent extraction. Phytochemical Analysis, 13, 105-113.

  9. 8.SHakirova, F. M., Saxabutdinova A. R. Signalnaya regulyasiya ustoychivosti rasteniy k patogenam. Uspexi sovremennoy biologii, Tom 123— №> 6 -2003 S. 563-572.

  10. Berger J., Reist M., Mayer J.M., Felt O., Gurny R. Structure and Interactions in Chitosan Hydrogels Formed by Complexation or Aggregation for Biomedical Applications. // Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. - 2004. - V.57. - P.35-52

  11. .K. Sh. Baltaeva, S. M. Rustamova. Mikrobiologiya, moliya instituti nashr taxririyati. Uchebnoe posobie, T. , 2010 y. , 324s.


Internet resurslarihttp://inyushkin.com/wp-content/uploads/gall006/www-internet-logo-blue-on-white-inyushkin-com.jpg
www. wikipedia. com

www. pharmapractice. ru

www. remedium. ru

www. pharmvestnik. ru




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