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N E T W O R K A S I A
I I A S N E W S L E T T E R # 4 7 S p r i n g 0 0 8
Niels Mulder reflects on his retirement in the Philippines,
home to the longest running Mao-inspired insurgency in Asia
Among Neighbours
the faces of many of them as they try to
influence my neighbours with their revo-
lutionary rhetoric. In this way, they advise
them to refuse to work for the pittance of
the standard wage, but as the woman who
works for me put it, they then would starve
because nobody is going to pay more and
people are desperately short of both work
and cash. Alas, apart from words, these
NPA’s also carry guns in an area that is
beyond the reach of army or police, and
hereabout Ka Kokoy and his ilk are my
neighbours, too.
That evening I wondered why they had not
come much earlier in my four-year stay
on the slope. Simultaneously, the Dutch
foreign ministry issued a negative travel
advice for the Republic of the Philippines,
and the embassy in Manila was closed. On
top of these came Girl’s agitation, and so
the next day I moved to the hot and humid
hotel room where I had spent my days as
a researcher. After all, the assurances of
the NPA spokesman and the Philippine
government notwithstanding, I would,
in view of my circumstances, be the easi-
est hostage to take if the rebels wanted to
put pressure on The Hague. Of course,
at the time I was an adventurous, young
anthropologist, I would not have minded
to enjoy a few weeks of jungle hospital-
ity, but now, in my retirement, I happily
leave such experiences to those who still
‘Even in Inner Mongolia they know about IIAS!’
N E W S A N D V I E W S F R O M T H E W O R L D O F A S I A N S T U D I E S
N E T W O R K A S I A
in Inner Mongolia they know about IIAS!
I think we should capitalise on that. Now,
under the new Director, and I and the
board very much want to support him, we
should try to elaborate more on the poten-
tial in terms of innovative and comparative
research. I think IIAS is the only place in
the world where a really Asia-wide field of
comparative research can be at least initi-
ated. And that is a wonderful challenge. I
think for the next couple of years it is our
intention to initiate innovative new com-
parative projects and to make IIAS into
a kind of new laboratory where all kinds
of new research will be conceptualised. I
think that is the logical next step.
AY: so you’ve mentioned how you see IIAS
developing in terms of research, there are
other developments as well.
H: in terms of communication, IIAS has
established this Newsletter, a very impor-
tant means of communication and I think
that should be continued. And the way IIAS
is also trying to explore the border area
between strict science, academic work and
art, public intellectuals, those kind of wider
debates, that’s very intriguing. That is an
effort that has been set in motion and that
should be continued. There are a number
of interesting discussions going on, on
the fringes of academic life, which might
be very inspiring for future research. If
IIAS can be a kind of friendly host for those
activities and develop a good sensitivity
for what is going on in the field of arts,
design and media in Asia, we can ben-
efit from that. I think that all kinds of new
ideas should get a chance and we should
invite young promising scholars to come
together and we say, ok, here’s money for
three to four months, invent a beautiful
new programme and if it’s good we will
support it. So you cannot predict the kinds
of directions it will take, it should be open.
Apart from that I think what is important is
research on energy, bio-fuel; I mean in that
respect we see an enormous shift going
on, gravitating towards China. China is
everywhere in the world where anything is
for sale in terms of energy. If you only look
at Indonesian Papua, probably millions
of hectares of rainforest will be converted
into palm oil plantations, so the effects in
terms of economy, culture, social relation-
ships, political relationships are immense
and it is impossible to stay away from
that. It is imperative that IIAS is somehow
involved in research and also in debate in
that field. Another level is religious move-
ments - not so much the formal side but
also the very informal side. In the West,
because of fear for radicalism and so on, if
you talk about Islam its political scientists
that analyse political Islam. We know very
little about what these new movements
do in terms of everyday Islam for ordinary
people. An issue which is often overlooked
- maybe because its considered to be old
fashioned - but I think is extremely rel-
evant, is the state of citizenship. People
talk a lot about civil society and don’t talk
about citizenship. There is a relationship,
and well maybe that is a discussion that
could be stimulated as well.
AY: IIAS has a very clear role in terms of
research, but in order to survive it needs
to stay relevant and develop outside of
research. We have the expertise to become
a knowledge hub, we have the expertise to
become the place for people to come to
connect with other Asianists, for informa-
tion on Asia, but also it’s incredibly impor-
tant for us to develop this role as a bridge
between academia and the outside world.
HSN: absolutely, I can only agree with that.
That is one of the very attractive things.
Because IIAS is not fully part of a university.
That is the kind of liberty we have and that
should be capitalised on as well.
MO: Asia’s going through a lot of changes
at the moment and it’s a hot topic in the
media and the world at large, China in
particular. Do you see this reflected in the
research going on in the Netherlands and
Europe?
HSN: There is this danger in the Nether-
lands that we might be in the process of
provincialising. That has to do with uni-
versity politics, because at the level of the
universities its now the Deans that decide
what is most profitable and, based on mar-
ket considerations, Asia is not relevant. It’s
too small, it’s too far away and faculties
think they should invest in multicultural
diversity, that kind of thing. And its basical-
ly focused on the Netherlands, and that is
extremely dangerous. But there is very little
we can do other than to engage universi-
ties in these debates. What I’m really wor-
ried about though is that there is a loss of
the simple ability to learn a language. How
many students today learn Indonesian,
or for that matter how many are able to
speak Thai? I think there is a considerable
number that are still interested in China,
that’s not my main worry, but how many
are able to speak with ordinary people in
India apart from in English? And that also
has to do with the decline of Area Studies
after the cold war. Area Studies was over,
it was no longer necessary, except for the
Middle East and Afghanistan of course,
these hotspots.
AY: Do you think that there is a case now
for Area Studies in terms of Asian Studies?
Particularly in respect of the position of
China and India?
HSN: I’m very ambivalent on Area Stud-
ies, because areas don’t produce the kind
of analysis that is really helpful. What we
do need is a kind of deep local knowl-
edge combined with broader disciplinary
themes, good training, to connect wide
theoretical debates with particular local
interests. And in that respect, knowledge
and access to areas is extremely impor-
tant. I think its totally useless to try to
define what Asia is, I mean people in Japan
have no sense of belonging to people in Sri
Lanka whatsoever, it is a Western construct
which indicates more or less an area in
our world, in which we’re interested; there
are a lot of dynamics directly interacting
with interests in the West. So in terms of
dialogue, its is extremely relevant. Also to
invest in this local knowledge. And really
then language matters.
MO: to finish then, what words of advice
would you have for people at the start of
their career in the field of Asian Studies?
H: Go for it! I mean, this is the most excit-
ing and most dynamic developments that
are taking place and it’s your chance to
experience all kind of vibrant changes and
such rich dynamics. And it helps if you’ve
been there, it helps after you’re back, you
start to learn about you’re society.
are in the springtime of life. As a result, I
granted Girl’s dearest wish of me leaving
the country for the time being. My travel
agent could still squeeze me in on one of
the suddenly heavily booked KLM flights,
and so I arrived as a refugee in Amsterdam
on the 5th of September.
After being held incommunicado for sev-
enteen days, Joma, or rather the prosecu-
tor-general, had his day in court, and one
wonders why they had it at all. Already
under Marcos, Joma spent seven years
in prison with little chance to influence
or direct his fellow revolutionaries. When
Corazon Aquino came to power in Febru-
ary 1986, she released the former dictator’s
political prisoners, among whom – much
to the dismay of the army brass – Joma
Sison. When in January 1987 the peace
negotiations between the government and
the political Left collapsed, and the old oli-
garchy was restored, Joma thought – and
rightly so – he had better exile himself to
the Netherlands, a traditional safe-haven
for all sorts of Filipinos opposing Marcos.
Meanwhile, Sison and his group of ranking
cadres have been living there for 20 years,
and even as the various Philippine govern-
ments have sought their extradition, the
Dutch cannot get rid of them because they
cannot extradite to countries that have
capital punishment on their books. Sison
and his comrades in arms do not enjoy
asylum status, yet could profit from the
Netherlands’ social security guarantees
until, in the aftermath of September 11,
their party and its armed branch were char-
acterised as terrorist organisations. Only
since then their life has become slightly
less comfortable in the now, because of
them, well-known city of Utrecht.
Anyway, the P-G had a hard time to con-
vince the judge that somebody who has
been relatively isolated from the move-
ment he founded, first for seven years, and
then for twenty, has the power of ordering
the killing of former comrades half a globe
away. To understand that he was willing to
order the suspect’s remand at all can only
be because he took the bait of President
Arroyo who is rabidly opposed to any deal
with the militant Left and who has vowed
to wipe them of the face of the Philippine
earth before the end of her term in 2010.
Yet, all their bragging and documenta-
tion notwithstanding, they couldn’t beef
up their claim of being able to prove their
case, and so the judge dismissed it and set
Joma free.
Tenaciously, the P-G appealed, and when,
three weeks later, a panel of judges found
that it was merely based on hot air – and
it must be said that Sison, as a loud-
mouthed spokesman, keeps producing a
steady stream of it – the not-unfriendly
Dutch could not oblige the authorities in
Manila. When this became abundantly
clear in the first week of October, I could
safely retire to my hermitage on the slope
of the sacred Mt. Banahaw, but since, at
that time, I spent my days with a friend at
his retreat on a slope of the Alpes de Pro-
vence, I arrived at mine three weeks after
Joma’s triumph.
On the slope of the mystical powerhouse
Mt. Banahaw, end of October 2007
10 March 2008
These days I live in a war zone. Inspired
by Presidential rhetoric and despite tor-
rential rains, the Army shows determina-
tion in flushing out the NPA’s. Instead of
driving them back into the forest-actions
my neighbours and I have grown accus-
tomed to-they are hot on their heels in
the forest on the higher slope. It started
with an encounter at the edge of the
Forestry Reserve, about eight-hundred
meters up from my house that, accord-
ing to neighbours, three followers of the
Great Joma did not survive. In view of the
massive presence of the Army, this body
count is not impressive, but neither NPA
spokesman Ka Roger nor the newspapers
give a clue. As usual, some of the rebels
retreated through the adjacent district of
Sampaloc-its border runs through my gar-
den-but operations are still going on, as
illustrated by the evacuation to the lower
slope of my neighbours four to five-hun-
dred meter further up.
10 April 2008
At a quarter to six this morning, the vicin-
ity was enlivened with fireworks. It was
a little early to start celebrating a mar-
riage, and when two, three half-hysteri-
cal women tried to recover their breath
in front of my house, I understood that
it was serious. After the Army had set up
a field kitchen in a field adjacent to the
District Captain’s house, people felt safe,
and had long returned to their houses, not
realizing that they had become part of an
NPA target. At this moment, the attrac-
tive daughters of my near neighbour and
a baby have taken refuge behind the stone
walls of the ground floor of my house, but
as far as I understand, after twenty min-
utes of firing, the action was over. It was a
typical hit-and-run affair in which the NPA
surprised the soldiers at their breakfast. A
passing refugee reported that one of them
had been hit.
Niels Mulder
nielsmulder201935@yahoo.com.ph