MUNDARIJA
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Kirish ................................................................................................
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3
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I-bob. Organizm – yaxlit tirik tizim SIFATIDA..
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4
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Biologik tashkiliy-tuzilmaviy darajalar va ekologiya ..............
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4
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Organizmning yaxlit tirik tizim sifatida rivojlanishi .........
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10
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Organizm tizimlari va Er biotasi ...............................................
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13
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2-bob. Organizm va muHit O‘RTASIDAGI munosa-batLAR ..........................................................................................
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24
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YAshash muhiti va ekologik omillar haqida tushuncha ...................
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24
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Organizmlar adaptatsiyasi ..............................................................
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31
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CHeklovchi ekologik omillar .............................................................
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34
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Organizmlar hayotida muhitdagi fizik va kimyoviy omillarning ahamiyati .............................................................................................
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37
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Organizmlarga haroratning ta’siri .......................................
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37
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YOrug‘lik va uning organizmlar hayotida tutgan o‘rni ……….
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43
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Organizmlar hayotida suvning tutgan o‘rni ...........................
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48
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Harorat va namlikning birgalikdagi ta’siri ......................
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52
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Suv muhiti .................................................................................
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54
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Atmosfera gazlari ekologik omil sifatida.........................
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56
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Havo muhitining fizik omillari.........................................
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57
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Havo muhitining kimyoviy omillari .....................................
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59
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YOng‘inlar......................................................................................
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60
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Biogen moddalar ekologik omil sifatida..............................
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62
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O‘simliklar va tuproq biotasi hayotida edafik omillarning tutgan o‘rni ........................................................................................
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64
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Tuproqning paydo bo‘lishi, tarkibi va tuzilishi..................
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65
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Tuproqning qalinligi va bo‘ylama kesimi...............................
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68
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Tuproqning eng muhim ekologik omillari .............................
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70
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Ekologik indikatorlar..............................................................
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72
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Tirik mavjudot resurslari - ekologik omil sifatida...............
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73
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