Komunikaciis Teoriebi

fiWuri kavSiri
cnobilia, rogor SeiZleba Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT gada­vitanoT samuSao adgili ofisidan saxlSi. Ees teqnologiebi aseve saSualebas iZleva gavakeToT portatiuli ofisi. fiWuri teqnologiebis safuZvelze damzadebuli mowyobilobebiT muSaks SeuZlia saofise saqmianobis Sesruleba gzaSi. fiWuri teqnologia SesaZlebels xdis sig­na­lebisa da Setyobinebebis gadagzavnas radiokavSiriT, romelic Tavi­su­falia sadenebis xazebiT ganpirobebuli SezRudvebisagan. aseTi mowyo­bi­lobebis gamoyenebiT adamianebs SeuZliaT muSaoba TviTmfrinavis bortze, klientTan vizitisas, manqaniT mgzavrobisas _ elaparakon kolegebs, gaagzavnon faqsi, moamzadon dokumenti kompiuterze. Aam mowyobilobebis gamoCenis Semdeg SesaZlebeli gaxda axali tipis samuSao adgilis _ mobiluri ofisis Seqmna.

zogierTi kategoriis muSakebisaTvis mobilur ofiss udavo upira­tesoba aqvs tradiciulTan SedarebiT maSin, rodesac maTi ufrosebisaTvis es axali problemebis wyaroa. Ppirvel rigSi, mobiluri ofisis aRWur­vi­lobis momxmareblebi arian savaWro warmomadgenlebi da servisis ganyo­filebebis TanamSromlebi, romlebmac swrafad unda uzrunvelyon klientebi momsaxurebiT. fiWuri kavSiris gamoyenebiT maT SeuZliaT klientebTan Sexvedris dros kavSirSi iyvnen ofisTanac, gaagzavnon da miiRon Setyobinebebi klientTan an gzaSi yofnisas. Tavis mxriv, es maT saSualebas aZlevs ufro srulad daakmayofilon klientebis moTxovnebi da yovelTvis hqondeT axali informacia gayidvebis Sesaxeb. Gaqedan gamomdinare, “mobilur” TanamSromels SeuZlia ufro meti masala miawodos klients, rac amcirebs im dros, romelic saWiroa ofisidan klientisaTvis informaciis misawodeblad.

mobiluri saofise teqnologiebis gamoyenebis zrda garkveul siZne­leebs iwvevs menejerebis muSaobaSi. tradiciuli ofisis Tanam­Sro­melTa ricxvi klebulobs, radgan aRar arsebobs tradiciuli infra­struqturis saWiroeba, misi mravalricxovani saStato SemadgenlobiT. menejerebma unda moaxerxon iseTi TanamSromlebis motivireba da swavleba, romelTa de­ficits ganicdis Sromis bazari.Ggarda amisa, ufro srulyofili sako­munikacio teqnologiebi saSualebas iZleva SevamciroT mravaldoniani mmarTvelobis aparati da gavzardoT darCenili TanamSromlebis pasu­xis­mgeblobis done. Tumca, bevri kompania poulobs am problemebis gadaWris gzebs da srulyofilad iyenebs fiWuri kavSiris upiratesobas.

yvelaze martivi da iafi xelsawyo mobiluri ofisis TanamSromlis arsenalSi aris peijeri _ mcire zomis mowyobiloba, romelsac imagreben qamarze an atareben jibiT.

magram mowyobiloba, romelic sayovelTao yuradRebas izidavs fiWuri teqnologiebis mimarT aris fiWuri telefoni, Esatelefoni usadeno telefoni, romelic SeiZleba ataroT manqanaSi, keisiT an pijakis jibiTac ki. fiWuri kavSiri SesaZlebelia uzarmazari mimRebi da gadamcemi antenebis qselis arsebobis pirobebSi, riTac uzrunvelyofilia gadacema, miReba da retransliacia fiWuri kavSiris sistemaSi. Aantenebi iseT­nai­radaa ganlagebuli, rom kavSirs uzrunvelyofen garkveul teritoriaze, ro­­gorc wesi, romelime msxvil qalaqSi an mis gareubanSi.

fiWuri telefonebis zomebi mcirdeba, SesaZleblobebi ki izrdeba. Semo­mavali da gamavali kavSirebis garda, fiWur telefons aqvs uamravi sxva SesaZleblobac, rogoricaa avtomopasuxe, xSirad gamoyenebadi sate­lefono nomrebis Senaxva da avtomaturi akrefa, zarebis filtracia da lodinis reJimi. axali mimarTulebaa monacemebis gadacema radiotalRebis meSveobiT, rac saSualebas iZleva eleqtronuli fostis Setyobinebebi da faqsebi miviRoT fiWuri telefoniT.

portatiuli kompiuterebi

mcire zomis portatiuli kompiuterebi ukve ramdenime welia gamoi­ye­neba, magram dRes, fiWuri kavSiris Seqmnis Semdeg, SesaZlebeli gaxda eleq­tronuli dokumentebis gadagzavna radiotalRebis meSveobiT. gansxva­veba am patara kompiuterebsa da magidis kompiuterebs Soris metwilad mdgomareobs mowyobilobebis zomebsa da maT portatiulobaSi.

portatiuli kompiuteri iseve muSaobs, rogorc Cveulebrivi personaluri kompiuteri, iyenebs imave periferiul mowyobilobebs, aqvs igive kvebis Zabva, mwarmoebluroba, xisti diskis tevadoba. radiomimRebis gamoCenis Semdeg SesaZlebeli gaxda imave informaciul resursebSi Sesvla praqtikulad nebismieri adgilidan. arsebobs ori tipis portatiuli kompiuteri: nouTbuqi (an leptopi) da jibis kompiuteri, romelsac zogjer uwodeben personalur eleqtronul TanaSemwes (personal digital assistants, PDAs).

jibis kompiuteri miniaturuli kompiuteria, Zalze msubuqia da advilad eteva pijakis jibeSi. Mmcire zomebis gamo misi gadatana Zalian advilia, magram amas emsxverpla kompiuteris mwarmoebluroba da didi moculobis informaciis Senaxvis SesaZlebloba.

kompiuteruli qselebi

zemoT aRwerili iyo informaciis distanciuri gacvlisaTvis saWiro sxva­dasxva mowyobiloba. iseTi teqnologiebi, rogoricaa satelefono, faqsimiluri, modemuri da fiWuri kavSiri. Tu ganvazogadebT yovelive amas SeiZleba vuwodoT satelekomunikacio teqnologiebi.

ofisis telefonizacia iTvleba organizaciis warmatebuli funqcio­ni­­rebis ZiriTad pirobad. Mmagram bgeriTi informaciis gadacema telekomu­nikaciis mxolod erT-erTi formaa. Aaseve gvinda xolme gadavceT gra­fikuli, teqsturi, videoinformacia da monacemebi. Ggrafikuli gamo­saxulebis gadasacemad gvaqvs faqsi, videoinformaciis gadasacemad gamoiyeneba sakabelo televizia, Tanamgzavruli televizia da sxva; ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network – integrirebuli momsaxurebis cifruli qseli) xazebiT SeiZleba nebismieri tipis monacemebis gadacema.

satelefono sistemebis garda, eleqtronul ofisSi gamoiyeneba telekomunikaciis iseTi forma, rogoricaa lokaluri qseli (Local area network, LAN*). igi warmoadgens mcire satelekomunikacio qsels, romelic gankuTvnilia erTmaneTisagan mcire manZiliT daSorebuli kompiuterebis gasaerTianeblad. Llokaluri qselis organizebisas gamoiyeneba grexili wyvili (satelefono sadenis msgavsi), koaqsialuri kabeli an optikuri boWko, romlis meSveobiT kompiuterebi an samuSao sadgurebi erTiandeba samuSao jgufSi, ganyofilebaSi, SenobaSi an studentur qalaqSi. Aamrigad, adamianebs SeuZliaT erTad muSaoba da erTi saqmiT gaerTianeba.

tradiciul lokalur qselSi fail-serveris saxiT gamoiyeneba maRali mwarmoeblurobis kompiuteri. swored masze modis ZiriTadi datvirTva rogorc informaciis Senaxvis, ise misi damuSavebis dros. momxmareblebis magidaze ganlagebuli kompiuterebidan xdeba mxolod informaciis Seyvana (klaviaturis meSveobiT); xolo maTi kompiuterebis monitorebze uzrunvelyofilia informaciis gamotana. Kkompiuterebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba mxolod informaciis Setanisa da gamotanisaTvis ewodeba arainteleqtualuri terminalebi. Tumca, bolo Taobis lokaluri qselebis agebisas gamoiyeneba arqiteqtura, romelsac ewodeba klient-serveris arqiteqtura. klient-serveris qselSi informaciis damuSavebaze pasuxs agebs rogorc mTavari fail-serveri, ise momxmarebeli kompiuterebic. momxmareblis (klientis magidaze arsebuli) kompiuteris meSveobiT xdeba informaciis Setana da damuSaveba. serveri sakuTar Tavze iRebs informaciis Senaxvis, Ziebis da dacvis funqciebs. Aamrigad, Sesasrulebeli amocana gayofili aRmoCndeba klientsa da servers Soris. aseTi arqiteqturis ZiriTadi gansxvaveba aris is, rom am SemTxvevaSi klientebis kompiuterebma (terminalebma) “inteleqti” SeiZina.

lokaluri qselebi SeiZleba Sediodnen sxva lokaluri an globaluri qselebis SemdgenilobaSi (wide area networks, WANs), rac iZleva informaciis gacvlisa da saerTo resursebis gamoyenebis saSualebas. magaliTad, lokalur qselSi gaerTianebul yvela momxmarebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos fail-serveris myar diskze arsebuli programuli uzrunvelyofa da calke asli ar SeiZinos TiToeuli momxmareblisaTvis; axali monacemebis misaRebad gamoiyenos erTi da igive sainformacio wyaroebi da isargeblos saerTo lazeruli printeriT.

globaluri qselebi (wide area netvorks, WANs) bevr rameSi hgavs lokalurs, magram, misgan gansxvavebiT, aerTianebs erTmaneTisgan mniSvnelovani manZiliT daSorebul kompiuterebs. Mmas saSualeba aqvs gaaerTianos dedamiwis sxvadasxva wertilSi ganlagebuli kompiuterebi. es saSualebas aZlevs organizaciebs, romelTa ofisebi ganlagebulia sxvadasxva qveynebis da saxelmwifoebis teritoriaze, gaaerTianos am ofisebSi mdebare kompiuterebi erT qselSi da erTad gamoiyenos sxvadasxva kompiuteruli resursebi da saqmiani informacia. Gglobaluri qseli, rogorc wesi, warmoadgens lokaluri qselebis erTobliobas, romelic ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs gamoyofili satelefono xazebisa da im SemaerTebeli mowyobilobebis meSveobiT, romelTac “rabebi” ewodeba. globaluri qselebis gamoyenebis Sedegad didi organizaciebis TanamSromlebi ufro uaxlovdebian erTmaneTs.

kompiuteruli qselebis ZiriTadi upiratesobaa raime informaciis erToblivi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. im dros, rodesac informaciis gacvlis ZiriTadi saSualeba eleqtronuli fostaa xelmisawvdomi xdeba sxva saSualebebic. magaliTad, nebismier momxmarebels, romelmac icis Sesabamisi paroli SeuZlia miiRos centralur serverze Senaxuli failebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. aseve SeiZleba saWiro informaciiT movamaragoT sakuTari momwodeblebi da klientebi.

samuSao jgufebis mier gamosayeneblad gankuTvnili programuli da aparaturuli uzrunvelyofis modernizacia gamoiwvia im qselebis Seqmnam, romlebic adamianebs erTad muSaobis SesaZleblobas aZlevda. zogadad am teqnologias SeiZleba vuwodoT kompiuteruli saSualebebis erToblivi gamoyenebis teqnologia, xolo programul uzrunvelyofas _ koleqtiuri moxmarebis programuli uzrunvelyofa. Kkoleqtiuri sistemis mizania Seqmnas pirobebi, romelTa daxmarebiT adamianebs SeeZlebaT informaciis gacvla droisa da teritoriuli CarCoebiT SezRudvis gareSe. koleqtiuri programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebisas adamianebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon erTi da igive programuli danarTi, miuxedavad imisa sad imyofebian _ erT SenobaSi Tu dedamiwis sxvadasxva wertilSi. aseTi programuli uzrun­velyofiT erTad momuSave adamianebs nebismier dros SeuZliaT on-line reJimSi Sexvedra da erTi da imave proeqtze erToblivad muSaoba. Kkoleqtiuri moxmarebis programuli uzrunvelyofa Seicavs gegmebisa da proeqtebis Sedgenis, telekonferenciebis Catarebis SesaZleblobas, gaerTianebuli gundis muSaobis, Sexvedrebis Catarebis SesaZleblobebs. Eeleqtronul fostasTan muSaobis programebi da Setyobinebebis gadacemis sistema yvelaze gavrcelebuli programebia koleqtiur programul uzrunvelyofebs Soris.

eleqtronuli fosta da satelefono konferenc-kavSiri mniSvne­lovnad uadvilebs adamianebs manZilze urTierTobis amocanas. Mmagram, arc eleqtronul fostas da arc bgeriTi informaciis gadacemis sistemas ar SeuZlia urTierTobebis iseTi elementebis gadacema, rogoricaa mimika an Jestebis ena. Tu aseTi informacia mniSvnelovania, maSin aseT dros dagvexmareba videokonferenciis SesaZleblobebi.

videokonferenciebi Seucvlelia iq, sadac saWiroa videoinformaciis swrafi gacvla. videokonferenciaSi monawileobisas Aadamianebs ASeuZliaT monitoridan moucileblad gacvalon bgeriTi informacia, videoin­for­macia, kompiuteruli monacemebi. Ees saSualebas iZleva davzogoT dro da SevamciroT samivlinebo xarjebi, agreTve gadavlaxoT enobrivi barieri, romelic xSirad warmoiSoba satelefono saubrisas.

globaluri qselis safuZveli aris interneti. Uubralod rom vTqvaT, interneti aris urTierTdamakavSirebeli maRali mwarmoeblurobis mowyo­bilobebis, kompiuterebis (meinfreimebis), personaluri kompiu­te­rebis, lokaluri da globaluri qselebis erToblioba. aSS-Si kompiu­terebi gaerTianebulia maRalCqarosnuli kavSirgabmulobis xazebiT, romlebic Seqmna nacionalurma samecniero fondma (National Science Foundation, NSF). interneti Cafiqrebuli iyo, rogorc qseli samecniero-kvleviTi organizaciebisaTvis, magram igi Zalian swrafad ganviTarda da gaxda qseli biznesisaTvis, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis momxmarebelTaTvis. SezRudvebi internetis komerciul gamoyenebaze kongresma gaauqma 1991 wels. Aam droidan bevrma kompaniam da kerZo mewarmem warmoudgenel warmatebas miaRwia internetis qselis meSveobiT. Kkarg tonad iqca eleqtronuli misamarTis miTiTeba savizito baraTebSi da misi CarTva adresatTa CamonaTvalSi. Ddawyebuli 1991 wlidan qselis zrdis tempebi fenomenaluri iyo.

komerciuli organizaciebi “rabebiT” uerTdebian internetis qsels sakuTari an sargebloben internet-provaiderebis momsaxurebiT. TiToeuli momxmarebeli uzrunvelyofilia unikaluri misamarTiT, romelic dakavSirebulia momxmareblis saxelTan (ID), qselSi Semavali kompiuteris da im organizaciis saxelwodebasTan, romelsac ekuTvnis es kompiuteri. magaliTad, zaal miqaZes (Zaal Mikadze), romelic muSaobs stu-Si da iyenebs personalur kompiuters HAL eqneba misamarTi [e-mail]. Aaq ZMIKADZE momxmareblis saxelia, xolo EDU _kodi, romelic gamoiyeneba internetis qselSi saswavlo da samecniero organizaciis aRniSvnisaTvis. Yyvela internet-misamarTs erTi da igive formati aqvs. Oorganizaciebis misamarTebSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes: GOV-samTavrobo dawesebulebebisaTvis, COM- komerciuli organizaciebisaTvis; aseve sakuTari kodi aqvs TiToeul qveyanas, magaliTad, FR safrangeTis aRsaniSnavad.

1. 
   ra daniSnuleba aqvs tranzitul komunikacias?
   
2. 
   rogor izrdeba Sromis nayofiereba axali teqnologiebis DdanergviT?
   
3. 
   rogor xdeba prezentaciis programuli uzrunvelyofa?
   
4. 
   ra mniSvneloba aqvs organizaciisaTvis fiWuri kavSirsa da internets?
   

Tavi 11. komunikaciuri A(adamianebTan urTierTobis)
unar-Cvevebi
adamianebTan urTierTobis unar-Cvevebis dasaufleblad saWiroa Sevis­wavloT da gamovimuSaoT es qcevebi da Semdeg praqtikaSi gamo­viyenoT. inteleqtis gamoyeneba, yvelanairi problemebis gadaWra da ostatoba is sakiTxebia, rac moeTxoveba menejers. saerTod profesionali xelmZRvanelebi asruleben udidesi moculobis samuSaos warmoudgenlad swraf tempSi. pirad muSa situaciebSi menejerebi asruleben sam mkveTrad gansazRvrul rols. es rolebi SeiZleba klasificirebul iqnes Semdegnairad:

1. 
   interpersonaluri;
   
2. 
   informaciuli;
   
3. 
   gadawyvetilebis miRebis.
   

imisaTvis, rom miviRoT efeqturi gadawyvetilebebi saWiroa Sevag­rovoT Sesabamisi informacia rogorc oficialuri, ise araoficialuri. gansxvaveba swavlebasa da daxelovnebas Soris waSlilia. daxelovneba Seswavlis gaadvilebis saSualebaa. es yvelaferi dakavSirebulia taqtikasa da strategiasTan. daxelovnebis dros saWiroa Semdegi:

1. 
   yuradReba gavamaxviloT Cven movaleobebze, pasuxismgeblobaze, problemis gadaWraze;
   
2. 
   SeviswavloT SromiTi urTierTobebi mTels organizaciaSi;
   
3. 
   SevimuSaoT analitikuri meTodebi, romlebic gamoaSkaraveben samuSaosTan dakavSirebul problemebs da TanamSromlebis damokidebulebas Sromisadmi;
   
4. 
   mTeli Zalebis koncentrireba movaxdinoT menejeris movaleobis Sesrulebasa da muSa gundis aqtivobaze;
   
5. 
   miznis misaRwevad gamoviyenoT saswavlo kursebi da programebi;
   
6. 
   samuSaos meqanizmi ise unda avawyoT, rom xels uwyobdes organizaciis winsvlas; reagirebdes teqnologiur, organizaciul, socialur, kulturul da garemos cvlilebebze.
   

samsaxurSi nebismieri samuSaos warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis auci­lebelia 4 ZiriTadi komponentis arseboba. upirveles yovlisa, adamianebs unda hqondeT swavlis survili. SegviZlia miviyvanoT cxeni wyalTan, magram Tu mas ar surs, Cven Zalad ver davalevinebT wyals. Tu msmenelebs swavla ar surT, rogori mimzidveli da kargad gaformebuli kursebic ar unda iyos, dadebiT Sedegs mainc ver mivaRwevT. Tu gvsurs, rom viswavloT, maSin swavlis saSualebac unda gvqondes. saerTod adamianebs araferi ise ar akargvinebs imeds da xaliss, araferi ise ar Trgunavs, rogorc is, rom zustad ician, raSi arian sustni da surT codnis gaRrmaveba, magram ara aqvT amis saSualeba. aseve adamianebs saSualeba unda hqondeT praqtikulad Seamowmon is, rac Seiswavles, codna da unar-Cvevebi gamouyeneblobiT atrofirdeba. amitom, menejeri mTeli enTuziazmiT unda Seudges samuSao adgilze imis Sesrulebas, rac Seiswavla, radgan mis momzadebaze sakmao fulia daxarjuli; amitom menejerebisaTvis codnis praqtikulad gamoyenebis saSualebis micemiT saxelmwifo gaRebuli Tanxis anazRaurebas moelis.

komunikaciis unar-Cvevebis aTviseba uceb ar xdeba. is hgavs Waobis amoSrobas, romelsac viwyebT miwis CayriT ara Waobis SuagulSi, aramed napirebidan da nela miviwevT win. teqnikuri codnis swrafad aTviseba SeiZleba sworad SerCeuli saxelmZRvaneloebis wakiTxviTac. adamianebTan urTierTobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba ki ganapirobebs damokidebulebis, faseulobebis da mrwamsis cvlilebebs. maTi srulad dauflebisaTvis saWiroa didi dro, xelSemwyobi pirobebi da konstruqciuli ukukavSiri.

efeqturobisaTvis menejerebs sWirdebaT 4 ZiriTadi sakomunikacio unar-Cvevis srulyofa. am unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba SesaZlebelia rogorc swavlis procesSi, ise samsaxurSi muSaobisas. magram ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom isini moiTxoven ganuwyvetel praqtikas da codnis ganmtkicebas ise, rom sazogadoebasTan urTierTobisas menejerma yovelTvis gamoiyenos isini. es unar-Cvevebia:

1. 
   mosmena, ukukavSiris gacema da miReba;
   
2. 
   mtkice pozicia;
   
3. 
   konfliqtis mogvareba;
   
4. 
   problemebis gadaWra.
   

mosmena gvakisrebs garkveul valdebulebas da moiTxovs pirad dis­ciplinas. Tu gulisyuriT ar vusmenT viTvisebT damaxinjebul an ara­zust informacias. yovelTvis yuradRebiT unda viyoT, rom ar gamogvrCes mniSvnelovani informacia, rogorc usargeblo xmauri. SegviZlia gav­wvrTnaT kata, rom moisminos roalze dakruli melodia, magram Tu man Tagvi dainaxa miatovebs melodiis mosmenas da gadaerTveba Tagvis daWeraze. adamianebis umravlesobasac es Tviseba aqvs. amitom, rac ufro gawafulebi viqnebiT mosmenaSi, miT ufro ukeTesad SevZlebT komunkacias anu urTierTobis damyarebas.

imisaTvis, rom davamyaroT da ganvamtkicoT urTierTobebi unda da­vemor­CiloT socialuri urTierTobebis garkveul wesebs, romlebic xels uwyoben Cven srulyofas. adamianebis umetesobas erTnairad eZneleba uku­kavSiris rogorc gacema, ise miReba. ukukavSiris uzrunvelyofis gasaum­jobeseblad gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi rCevebi:

1. 
   guldasmiT movusminoT;
   
2. 
   SevecadoT ar gavcxardeT an ar miviRoT dacviTi pozicia;
   
3. 
   yuradReba mivaqcioT sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi arsebul uTanxmoebis sferoebs;
   
4. 
   avxsnaT da ganvmartoT rac gvesmis;
   
5. 
   SevamowmoT rogor aRviqviT gagonili;
   
6. 
   moviTxovoT ganmartebebi, magaliTebi;
   
7. 
   nu movaxdenT gadaWarbebul reagirebas ukukavSirze;
   
8. 
   SevafasoT ukukavSiris sizuste da misi potenciuri Rirebuleba;
   
9. 
   SevafasoT komentari garkveul qmedebaze da komentaris mizezebi.
   
10. 
    saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT xelqveiTis Tvisebebi da mere mivceT SeniSvna. SeniSvna unda iyos konstruqciuli da ara kritikuli.;
    
11. 
    gamovxatoT Cveni mosazreba da ar SevafasoT;
    
12. 
    moveridoT mravalsityvianobas, romelic warmoSobs emociur an dacviT reaqcias;
    
13. 
    nu movuvliT Soridan, aramed gulwrfelad da piradad SevaqoT pirovneba, romelmac samuSao ukeT Seasrula;
    
14. 
    faqtebis dasaxelebis Semdeg nu gavakritikebT da nu davamcirebT adamianebs sxvebis TandaswrebiT, pirispir gavesaubroT da gadawyvetileba maTan erTad miviRoT;
    
15. 
    Cveni urTierToba sxva adamianebTan CamovayaliboT garkveviT. eWvi yovelTvis konstruqciulad gamovTqvaT; damatebiTi faqtebis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi mzad viyoT SevicvaloT azri; davasaxeloT Cveni uTanxmoebis mizezebi; vaRiaroT, rom sxvebs SeiZleba Cvengan gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba da azri hqondeT;
    
16. 
    Txovnaze uaris Tqmisas vupasuxoT mokled, nu daviwyebT Tavis marTlebas. Tu saWiroa, davasaxeloT mizezebi, magram zedmetad nu movixdiT bodiSs.
    

aqtiuri mosmena da ukukavSiri erTdroulad moqmedeben. isini gvexmarebian Setyobinebis didi sizustiT, naTlad miviRebasa da gacemaSi.

vecadoT mtkice pozicia daviWiroT. mtkice, kategoriuli qceva Sualeduria moridebul da agresiul qcevaTa Soris. rodesac moridebuli varT, gulwrfelad ver gamovxatavT Cven grZnobebs, ver gamovTqvamT Cven survilebs, Sefasebebsa da piradi interesebs. amiT uflebas vaZlevT sxva adamians Selaxos Cveni uflebebi, rodesac agresiuli varT, viswrafiT Cveni Tvalsazrisis sxvis Tavze moxvevisaken.

simtkicis gamomuSaveba komunikaciis unar-Cvevebis dauflebis ZiriTadi elementia. is gvexmareba SemdegSi:

1. 
   davamyaroT gulRia, gulwrfeli komunikacia;
   
2. 
   movdundeT da davZlioT SiSi;
   
3. 
   rac SeiZleba meti miviRoT iqidan, rac CvenTvis saWirod migvaCnia;
   
4. 
   gamovimuSaoT xalxTan urTierTobis unar-Cvevebi, romlebic ayalibeben ufro mWidro komunikacias;
   
5. 
   pasuxismgeblobiT movekidoT Cvens cxovrebas, yvelafers rac Cvens irgvliv xdeba;
   
6. 
   miviRoT rac SeiZleba kargi gadawyvetileba da gavakeToT Tavisufali arCevani;
   
7. 
   vaRiaroT, rom gvaqvs garkveuli uflebebi da Cveni sakuTari faseulobaTa sistema;
   
8. 
   davicvaT sakuTari Tavi, rom sxva adamianebma ar moipovon Cvenze upiratesoba.
   

organizaciebSi konfliqtebis, daZabulobebis da calkeul pirov­ne­bebTan Tu jgufebTan problemebis arseboba gardauvalia. adamianebi gans­xvav­debian erTmaneTisagan. maT sakuTari Tvalsazrisi aqvT ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, problemis gadaWris sakuTari xerxebi. saerTod konfliqts iwvevs ara konkretul sakiTxze SeuTanxmebloba, aramed kama­Tis arasworad warmarTva.

TanamSromlobis da saqmisadmi erTgulebis viTarebis gansam­tki­ceb­lad da konfliqturi situaciis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa vixelm­ZRvaneloT Semdegi meTodebiT:

1. 
   aqtiurad da gaazrebulad movusminoT, raTa ukeT gavigoT TiToeuli monawilis pozicia da SevqmnaT ndobis garemo;
   
2. 
   simtkicis unar-Cvevebi gamoviyenoT sxvebze zewolisagan, raTa maT Seasrulon nakisri valdebulebebi;
   
3. 
   xeli SevuSaloT mxareebs Soris komunikaciis blokirebas, nu vecdebiT upiratesobis mopovebas, nu mivmarTavT agresias da muqaras;
   
4. 
   urTierTSorisi daZabuloba ar gavzardoT kritikiTa da uaryofiTi ukukavSiriT. SevagrovoT faqtebi;
   
5. 
   davadginoT da guldasmiT SevafasoT Cvens mier ganxor­ciele­buli qmedebebi;
   
6. 
   problemis gadaWra sinamdvileSi aris mcdeloba problematur situ­aciaSi moiZebnos gadawyvetilebis da qmedebis urTierT- SeTanxmebis raRac forma. am dros veZebT situaciasTan dakav­Sirebul faqtebs, vikvlevT maT yvela kuTxiT, vadgenT yvela SesaZlo gadawyvetilebas da vcdilobT problemis gadaWras.
   

sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis integracia

menejerebis saqmianobis efeqturobis gasaumjobeseblad mniSvne­lo­vania ori damatebiTi sakomunikacio Cveva. esenia:

1. konsultacia (rCevis micema);

2. instruqtireba (wvrTna).

miuxedavad adamianebis prestiJul, maRalanazraurebad samsaxurSi mowyobisa da, Sesabamisad, miuxedavad maTi momzadebisa, zogierTi adamiani ise iqceva, rom problemebs uqmnis rogorc sakuTar Tavs, ise orga­niza­cias. es problemebi SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos samuSaos Sesrule­bas­Tan, TanamSromlebTan urTierTobasTan, pirad sazrunavTan, gaWirvebasTan da a.S. zogjer megobruli rCeva an menejeris ganmarteba sakmarisia problemis gadasawyvetad. ufro seriozul SemTxvevaSi xelmZRvanelma konsultacia unda gauwios xelqveiTs da Seecados gamoasworebinos yofaqceva an Seacvlevinos pozicia. xelqveiTi SeiZleba grZnobdes, rom kargad ver iqceva samsaxurSi an iseTi problemebi aqvs Sin, romlebic moqmedeben mis samuSaoze. amitom TviT xelqveiTi unda mivides menejerTan da sTxovos rCevis mocema. xelqveiTebma SesaZloa menejers mimarTon agreTve im problemebis gamo, romlebic maT sxva TanamSromlebTan aqvT. isini SeiZleba ver xedaven, rom TviTon qmnian problemas. fiqroben, rom Tavad kargebi arian da TanamSromlebi ver ugeben maT.

imisaTvis, rom davostatdeT rCevebis micemaSi, unda gamovimuSaoT sistemuri midgoma TanamSromlebis mimarT da davimaxsovroT zogierTi ZiriTadi principi:

1. 
   saWiroa movemzadoT konsultaciisaTvis, ganvsazRvroT raze gvsurs msjeloba, xelqveiTs mivceT dro fiqrisTvis. uzrun­velvyoT myudroeba (konfidencialoba). gamovricxoT yvela xelis SemSleli piroba;
   
2. 
   ganvsazRvroT diskusiis mizani;
   
3. 
   CamovayaliboT problema, avuxsnaT ra gaakeTa an ra ar gaakeTa xelqveiTma; gavigoT ratom moiqca xelqveiTi ase; ganvumartoT xelqveiTs, rom Cveni mizania davexmaroT mas da ara davsajoT;
   
4. 
   gavigoT, Tu ra Sexeduleba aqvs xelqveiTs, vTxovoT aRweros situacia, gamoviyenoT kiTxvebis dasmis Sesaferisi meTodika; gavaanalizoT is, rac iyo naTqvami; arasodes ar gavakeToT naCqarevi daskvnebi;
   
5. 
   ganvmartoT problemebi, gavigoT xelqveiTisagan ras Tvlis realur problemad;
   
6. 
   davexmaroT xelqveiTs, rom TviTon miiRos monawileoba prob­le­mis gadaWraSi; davinteresdeT misi azriT da gaviziaroT informacia;
   
7. 
   davrwundeT, rom miRebuli gadawyvetileba ar gamoiwvevs dama­tebiT problemebs; Tu saWiroa, gavagrZeloT rCevebis micema, SevTanxmdeT gadawyvetilebis miRebis ukanasknel vadaze.
   

rCevebis micemis procesi konfidencialuri, aradireqtiuli, pir­da­piri urTierTobaa. es procesi iTvaliswinebs daxmarebas adamianebisadmi, rom gaerkvnen sakuTar Tavsa da grZnobebSi, gansakuTrebiT konkretul problemasTan dakavSirebiT. nebismieri problema, romelsac warmog­vid­genen, xSirad zedapirulia, problemis simptomia da ara Zireuli mizezi. Cve­ni, rogorc xelmZRvanelis, samuSao is aris, rom davexmaroT xel­qveiTebs amis garkvevaSi.

xelmZRvanelis movaleobaa xelqveiTis instruqtireba. erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gza, romliTac es unda ganvaxorcieloT, aris wvrTna. unda gagviCndes gulwrfeli survili vimoqmedoT, rogorc mwvrTnelma da davexmaroT xelqveiTebs, rac SeiZleba efeqturad Seasrulon samuSao. wvrTnas, ra Tqma unda, dro sWirdeba da es dro moTminebiT unda davuTmoT xelqveTebs.

instruqtirebis procesi Sedgeba 3 safexurisgan:

1. 
   davadginoT konkretuli saswavlo miznebi, romlebic Seesa­bamebian xelqveiTis samuSaos aTvisebis unarsa da kvalifikaciis amaRlebis saWiroebas organizaciis farglebSi. davsvaT amocanebi, romlebic eqvemdebarebian Sefasebasa da Semowmebas;
   
2. 
   SevqmnaT sameTvalyureo sistemebi, SevafasoT moxda Tu ara xelqveiTis winsvla dadgenil vadaSi da amaRlda Tu ara misi kvalifikaciis done. regularulad SevikriboT araoficialur viTarebaSi problemis ganxilva-gadawyvetisaTvis;
   
3. 
   SevafasoT, mivaRwieT Tu ara miznebs dasaxuli amocanis Ses­rulebiT; davadginoT xelis SemSleli faqtorebi; erToblivad ganvsazRvroT is sferoebi, romlebic saWiroeben Semdgom srul­yofas.
   

drois SerCeva gadamwyveti faqtoria efeqturi instruqtirebisTvis. nu vecdebiT CavutaroT instruqtaJi, rodesac xelqveiTi gadatvirTulia samu­SaoTi. is am dros unda wavaxalisoT, rom efeqturad Seasrulos samuSao.

instruqtirebisaTvis Semdegi unar-Cvevebia saWiro:

1. 
   im miznebis naTlad dasaxva, romelTa miRwevac SesaZlebelia;
   
2. 
   xelqveiTTan mWidro samuSao urTierTobis damyareba da SenarCuneba;
   
3. 
   xelqveiTTan erTad problemis gadaWra;
   
4. 
   angariSis gaweva im piris grZnobebisaTvis, romelsac instruqtaJs vutarebT;
   
5. 
   aqtiuri mosmena.
   

yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes:

1. 
   swavleba efeqturia, Tu vgrZnobT mis mniSnelobas;
   
2. 
   swavleba aqtiuria da ara pasiuri;
   
3. 
   dro sworad unda SevarCioT;
   
4. 
   swavleba efuZneba gamocdilebas;
   
5. 
   naswavlis ganmtkiceba praqtikiT xdeba.
   

xelqveiTebis swavleba dagvizogavs dros, romelic uSualod xelm­ZR­vanelobas xmardeba da es dazogili dro gamoviyenoT sxva mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze samuSaod.

menejeris daxelovneba organizaciis warmatebis gadamwyveti faq­toria. arasodes ar davnebdeT siZneleebs da aucileblad warmatebas mivaRwevT, rogorc sun cu ambobs (C.w.a. 500 w.):

`Tu SeicaniT mterica da sakuTari Tavic, aRar gWirdebaT asi brZo­lis Sedegze dardi. Tu SeicaniT Tqveni Tavi da ver SeicaniT Tqveni mteri, Tqvens mopovebul gamarjvebas mohyveba marcxi. Tu ver SeicnobT verc mtersa da verc sakuTar Tavs, Tqveni xvedria danebeba yvela brZolaSi~.

amrigad, Cven cxovrebaSi saWiroa viswavloT da gamovimuSaoT efeq­turi komunikaciis unar-Cvevebi, romlebic yovel fexis nabijze gamog­vadgeba.

piradi qcevisa da urTierTobebis sayovelTaod miRebuli normebi

zogjer piradi urTierTobis dasamyareblad saWiroa ucxoeTSi gamg­zavreba. ucxoeTSi mogzauroba, saqmiani kavSirebi, kulturuli da sxva saxis urTierTobani yvela menejerisaTvis Cveulebrivi ambavia.

ucxoeTSi yofnisas, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom TiToeuli CvenTagani damatebiT valdebulebas kisrulobs. igi unda iyos Tavisi qveynis Rirseuli warmomadgeneli, pirad interesebze maRla daayenos samSoblos prestiJi, misi avtoriteti. yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom biznesis saimedo sayrdeni ndobaa da sityva, romelsac dauwereli kanonis Zala aqvs. uamisod ki warmateba nak­le­bad miiRweva. aseTia Tanamedrove dasavluri miznebis logika da diplo­ma­tia, sameurneo demokratiis elementaruli normebi. rac adre daveuflebiT am saerTaSoriso normebs, miT ufro male SevigrZnobT maT sikeTes.

sazogadoebaSi qcevis normebi, maTi moraluri da zneobrivi CarCoebi ZiriTadad garemos pirobebis gavleniTa da piradi Tvisebebis safuZvelze yalibdeba. susti nebisyofis pirovneba advilad eqceva gare negatiuri faqtorebis gavlenis qveS. TandaTan irRveva es CarCoebi, qceva umarTavi xdeba, xasiaTi ganicdis deformacias. aseTi pirovneba ufro metad moq­medebs ara saerTaSoriso normebis mixedviT, aramed sakuTari mosazrebiT, rac xSirad SeuTavsebelia saqmiani piris zneobriv CarCoebTan.

biznesis kultura mravali komponentisagan Sedgeba. yoveli maTganis kompleqsurad aTviseba Znelia, miT ufro, rom am procesze did gavlenas axdens individis piradi Tvisebebi, xasiaTi, nebisyofa, TavdaWera, Znelia obieqturad SeimuSavo saTanado rekomendaciebi, bevri maTgani gamoc­dile­biT, mibaZviT, sxvisi magaliTiT unda gamovimuSaoT.

bevri diletanti sazogadoebaSi cdilobs irgvliv myofT Tavs moax­vios iseTi problema, romelzec mas meti informacia da sakuTari pozicia aqvs. aseTi moqmedebis erTaderTi mizania Tanamosaubreebs sakuTar Tavze Seuqmnas ganaTlebulis warmodgena, cdilobs sxvebze meti ilaparakos. aseT adamianebSi mosmenis unari moikoWlebs da maT axasiaTebT mravalsityvianoba, rac arasasiamovno ganwyobas iwvevs msmenelebSi. isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom pirovnebis politikuri ganaTleba arcTu ise Zvirad fasobs dasavleTSi. amitom, sxvebTan urTierTobis dros ucxoeTSi politikaze saubrisagan Tavi unda SevikavoT, radgan iq mosaxleobis did umravlesobas politika saerTod ar ainteresebs.

evropis ganviTarebul qveynebSi Camoyalibda menejeris qcevis oTxi ZiriTadi komponenti:

1. Tavazianoba;

2. uSualoba;

3. Rirseba;

4. kargi aRzrda.

amasTan, didi mniSvneloba aqvs menejeris garegnul Sesabamisobas, Cacmulobas, sikoxtaves da Tavis daWeris maneras.

unda aRiniSnos, rom dasavleTis saqmiani wreebi naklebad exmaurebian modas. samuSao garemocvaSi icvamen ise, rom ar daarRvion sisadave da saqmiani kacis eleganturoba. saqmiani urTierTobis dros, rogorc wesi, miRebulia muqi feris tansacmli, TeTri feris perangi da naklebmyvirala halstuxi, romlis ferTa gama Sexamebuli iqneba rogorc kostumTan, ise perangTan. fexsacmlis feri umjobesia iyos Savi, radgan igi egueba TiTqmis yvela muqi feris zeda tansacmels. mamakacis perangi, rogorc wesi, grZelsaxeloiani unda iyos, radgan saqmian SexvedrebSi mokle saxeloTi da gadaReRili sayeloTi menejeris monawileoba saerTod miRebuli ar aris. amasTan, rodesac Ria perangis saxeloebi muqi feris kostumidan Cans, es met eleganturobas aniWebs Cacmulobas. ase, rom saqmiani kacis Cacmuloba unda iyos iseTi, rom ar daarRvios eleganturobis simtkice, sada sikoxtave da sisufTave.

fexsacmlisa da tansacmlis mimarT aseTi moTxovnebi, agreTve sikoxtave da eleganturoba aucilebeli pirobaa, rom sazogadoebaze kargi STabeWdileba movaxdinoT. amis mixedviT da qceviT afaseben saqmiani kacis urTierTobas sawyis etapze da swored pirveli STabeWdileba did gavlenas axdens momaval urTierTobebze.

saqmiani Sexvedrebis dros nebismier situaciaSi miRebuli ar aris pi­jakis gaxda, Tu amisaTvis bodiSis moxdiT nebarTvas ar miviRebT kole­ge­bisagan, pirvel rigSi mandilosnebisagan. aseve nebarTvaa saWiro Tam­baqos mowevis SemTxvevaSi. bolo dros saerTod miuRebeli xdeba Tambaqos moweva saqmiani Sexvedebis dros da sasurvelia, rom Tambaqo movwioT mxolod Sesvenebis dros da mxolod im adgilas, sadac es nebadarTulia saTanado werilobiTi gancxadebiT an saerTod, Cveni rCevaa, akrZaloT Tambaqos moweva.

saqmiani Sexvedrebis dros miRebulia gamagrilebeli sasmelebis mir­Tmeva. unda SevecadoT, rom dalioT TavdaWeriT, miT ufro Wiqas piramde nu aavsebT da sasmels didi raodenobiT nu miiRebT. Warbi sma sasurvel STabeWdilebas ar tovebs, amitom, rac SeiZleba metad unda SevikavoT Tavi. saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom dasavleTis saqmian wreebSi, iqneba es sadili Tu miiReba, alkoholuri sasmelebis morTmevas friad simboluri xasiaTi aqvs da yovelTvis Tavi unda SevikavoT zedmeti dozebisagan. sayovelTaod miRebuli da politikuri motivebiT erTi sadRegrZelo, romelic stumarma SeiZleba madlierebis gamoTqmis mizniT warmoTqvas, umjobesia cxeli pirveli kerZis miRebis Semdeg, mokled da lakonurad, rac SeiZleba naklebi qeba-didebiT, radgan dasavleli biznesmenisaTvis es momabezrebelia da gulTan naklebad miaqvs. yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom nasvami kacis simTvraliT gamowveuli mxiaruli da Tavisufali yofaqceva sakmaod cud STabeWdilebas tovebs.

TiTqmis yvela dasavleT evropul qveyanaSi gavrcelebulia mimarTva titulis da ara Tanamdebobis mixedviT. mag., `batono direqtoro@, `batono magis­tro~, `diplomirebulo inJinero~ da sxva. tituli `diplomirebuli in­Jineri~ vrceldeba mxolod teqnikuri umaRlesi saswavleblis kurs­dam­Tavrebulebze, xolo danarCen SemTxvevaSi inJineri aseT tituls ar flobs.

yvela saxis Sexvedris dros sizuste aucilebeli momentia, igi gaTa­nabrebulia zrdilobasTan da dagvianebiT gamocxadeba ukve arRvevs eti­kets. gaufrTxilebeli dagvianeba ki saerTod miuRebelia, igi uzrdelobis maCvenebelia.

`me mirCevnia ori saaTis ganmavlobaSi viaro im adamianis saxlis win, romelTanac vapireb saqmiani urTierTobis dawyebas~- ambobs harvardis universitetis erT-erTi dekani - `imisaTvis, rom kargad gaviazro ra unda vuTxra da ras metyvis. am SemTxvevaSi arasodes ar damagviandeba Sexvedraze da uxerxulobac arasodes Camovardeba Cven Soris~.

mipatiJebis dros yvela SemTxvevaSi madloba unda gadavuxadoT maspinZels da mxolod amis Semdeg SeiZleba raime mizeziT uaris Tqma. mag­ram unda vicodeT, rom ucxoeli maspinZeli mxolod erTxel Semogv­Tavazebs da amas ar moyveba momabezrebeli Zaldataneba, amitom binaze mipatiJeba, rogorc wesi, winaswar ramde­nime dRiT adre xdeba, raTa drois Tadarigi daviWiroT da maspinZelic rigianad moemzados. ojaxSi stumrobisas aucilebelia gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gamoviCinoT diasaxlisis mimarT. amis yvelaze saukeTeso saSua­lebaa yvavilebis mirTmeva.

magidas unda mivusxdeT mipatiJebis Semdeg. gansakuTrebiT sapa­tiv­cemulo stumari, rogorc wesi, adgils ikavebs diasaxlisis marjvniv, xolo Tu meuRle gaxlavT igi dajdeba maspinZlis marcxniv. danarCenebi adgi­ls Cinis an asakis mixedviT ikaveben, magram aucileblad mandi­los­nisgan marcxniv unda daikaoT adgili, raTa moxerxebulad moemsaxuroT mas. sadilis damTavrebis Semdeg, kmayofilebis niSnad, SegviZlia nazad veamboroT diasaxliss xelze, magram am dros Zlier ar unda davixaroT.

sufris gawyoba, sufrasTan qcevis wesebi ZiriTadad erTnairia yvela qveyanaSi da es kultura yvelgan unda gamomJRavndes. saqmiani wreebisaTvis raime gansakuTrebuli ar arsebobs, saWiroa mxolod am wesebis dacva.

ucxoeTSi saqmiani Sexvedrebis Sedegebi bevradaa damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad kargad movemzadebiT movlenebisaTvis. saWiroa, pirvel rigSi, SeviswavloT is qveyana, sadac mivemgzavrebiT. detalurad gavecnoT informacias, samomxmareblo bazars, safinanso da savaluto sistemas, sabaJo SeTanxmebaTa gaformebis wesebs da sxva. sakiTxis kargad mogva­rebi­saTvis unda vflobdeT amomwurav informacias, kargad vicnobdeT part­nio­rebs. saWiroa vecadoT, rom Cveni iq yofnis dro ar davamTxvioT samoqa­laqo an sadResaswaulo dReebs, radgan Cveni partniorebi dakavebuli iqnebian am movlenebiT da am dros saqmian urTierTobazec laparaki zedmetia.

saqmiani urTierTobis damTavrebisas aucilebelia yvela saWiro do­ku­mentis gaformeba. dasavleTSi ar arsebobs saqmis formaluri da araformaluri mxare, yvelafers did mniSvnelobas aniWeben. urTierTobaSi ar arsebobs wvrilmani da meorexarisxovani, yvelaferi maRali punqtua­lurobiT sruldeba. biznesSi piradi Tvisebebi, qcevis manerebi da piradi urTierToba warmatebis ganmapirobebeli sakmaod mniSvnelovani faqtoria.

yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamianebTan urTierTobis damya­rebis unari iseve fasdeba, rogorc Zvirfasi saqoneli bazarze, rom kargi manerebi wvrilmanebisagan Sedgeba.
personaluri komunikacia
komunikacia enis irgvliv koncentrirdeba, magram igi arasityvier urTierTobaSi da sxvagvar qcevebSic gadaizrdeba, romelic gvatyobinebs Cven molodinsa da Tvalsazris. ena komunikaciis umniSvnelovanesi da ganumeorebeli aspeqtia. aseve urTierTganwyobis yvelaze aSkara ganmsazRvrel faqtors ena warmoadgens. ase, rom, Tu gvinda Tbili da megobruli urTierToba davamyaroT xalxTan unda gaviTvaliswinoT didi SoTas Segoneba.

komunikacia gvexmareba sawarmos organizebasa da marTvaSi. organi­zaciis arsi ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi cocxali organizmia da misi wevrebis, misi garemosa da drois garkveuli momentis gaTvaliswinebiT aRmocendeba. organizaciis efeqturoba ki imiTaa ganpirobebuli ramdenad kargad da erTsulovnad muSaoben misi wevrebi. massa da mis wevrebs Soris urTierToba gamijnuli ar aris. organizaciis yoveli wevri gar­kveul saqmianobas asrulebs da es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom isini am orga­nizaciis TanamSromlebi arian. organizaciisa da pirovnebis inte­resebi erTnairad Rirebulia.

bevri adamiani samuSaoze uzarmazari usaxuri meqanizmis patara WanWikad grZnobs Tavs. es imitom xdeba, rom Cven ver vacnobierebT samuSaos garkveuli nawilis mniSvnelobas da ar vcdilobT gavigoT imaze meti, rac viciT. arsebobs erTi Zveli araki gverdigverd momuSave or kalatozze, romlebsac hkiTxes ras akeTebT, ras saqmianobTo. erTma upasuxa qvas qvaze vdebTo. meorem ki amayad warmoTqva: `me ki taZars vaSenebo~. samuSaos an misi daniSnulebis zedmiwevniT codna enTuziazms badebs. saqonlis mwarmoeblebi gamyidvelebs aswavlian im produqtis warmoebis yvela detals, romelic unda gayidon, Tumca SeiZleba myidvels sulac ar sWirdeba yvela es faqti. saqonlis detaluri codna ki gamyidvels sakuTari Tavis met rwmenas da enTuziazms sZens, rac dadebiTad aisaxeba produqciis gasaRebaze. rac ufo meti viciT raime saganze, miT ufro meti enTuziazmiT vekidebiT mas. Tu warmatebis miRweva gvaqvs gansazRvruli Cven saqmianobaSi yuradReba unda movikriboT da mizani davisaxoT, mere ki ise unda mivyveT mas, rogorc ZaRli misdevs katas. droebiTma Seferxebebma da warumateblobam far-xmali ar unda dagvayrevinos. benJamin franklini werda: `dae, TiToeulma Tavisi icodes saqme da mowodeba, mere ki misdios mas, Tuki warmatebis miRweva unda~.

TiToeulma adamianma unda daadginos Tavisi miznebi, gaerkves mis­wrafebebSi da Seadginos samomavlo gemebi. unda sakuTar Tavs diliT CavagonoT: `me miyvars Cemi samuSao da mTel Cems Zal-Rones movandomeb mas. bednieri var, rom cocxali var da dRes sruli 100%-iT davamtkiceb amas~.

muSaki, romelic cal Tvals saaTisken aparebs, meores ki _ xelfasis uwyisisken, Cveulebriv, mowyenilobisgan kvdeba da verasdros miaRwevs warmatebas. xalxis sasikeTod garja enTuziazms aviTarebs. sakmarisia ganvixiloT cnobili adamianebi, romlebic enTuziazmiT muSaobdnen da­bali anazRaurebiT, Tumca SeeZloT bevrad meti mieRoT Tu egiostur karieras airCevdnen. sazogadod junglebis taqtika mxolod mcire xniT amarTlebs, perspeqtivaSi ki damRupvelia. gacilebiT sasiamovnoa gverdiT megobrul mxares grZnobde, vidre fexs gidebdnen da borZikobde.

adamianebs STagoneba esaWiroebaT, unda vecadoT samuSaoze da saerTodac enTuziazmiT anTebuli viyoT da Cven irgvlivac aseTi adamianebi SemovikriboT.

informaciis gadacemis warmateba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli infor­maciis bunebasa da mis xasiaTze, es ki, Tavis mxriv, damokidebulia am procesSi CarTul adamianebze. sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis erT-erTi mTavari problema is aris, rom es urTierTobebi xorcieldeba sxvadasxva arxebis meSveobiT da sxvadasxva doneze. amitom, komunikacia iwvevs gaugebrobebs. es rom ar moxdes saWiroa urTierToba davamyaroT oTxi damoukidebeli arxis meSveobiT:

1. 
   faqtebi an is, rasac Cveni piradi gamocdilebidan aRviqvamT faqtebad.
   
2. 
   faseulobebi_faqtobrivad ucvleli warmodgenebi Cven Sesaxeb, Cveni sazogadoebis da kulturis Sesaxeb.
   
3. 
   grZnobebi_emociebze damyarebuli Cveni reaqciebi gansakuTrebul situaciaSi.
   
4. 
   mosazrebebi_ama Tu im situaciebSi Cveni damokidebuleba sakuTari poziciisadmi, Tvalsazrisi, romelic subieqturi an obieqturia.
   

yvela am arxis gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia personaluri komunikaciisaTvis.

adamians warmoaCens saqme, xolo misi saqmianobis yvelaze zogadi formaa komunikacia, swored komunikaciaSi, rogorc saqmeSi, yalibdeba adamiani da misi TviTrealizaciis gamoxatvis saSualebaa komunikacia.

ena adamianTa darwmunebis saSualebaa.

1. 
   ra unar-Cvevebia aucilebeli personaluri komunikaciis dasam­yareblad?
   
2. 
   ra aris sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis integracia?
   
3. 
   ras gulisxmobs piradi qcevisa da urTierTobebis sayovelTaod miRebuli normebi?
   
4. 
   ra aris personaluri komunikacia?
   

Tavi 12. kritikuli azrovneba da mosmena

individis fsiqologia

marTvis efeqturoba iwyeba mcirediT: kargad gaacnobiero sakuTari miznebi, Seicno da adekvaturad Seafaso rogorc sakuTari Tavi, aseve sxvebi, sworad gaanawilo dro, droulad da optimalurad miiRo gada­wyvetileba, imoqmedo aqtiurad, moixsna stresi, akontrolo Seni wona, normalurad Caicva da lamazad icxovro.

menejeri _ adamiania, romelic profesiulad ganaxorcielebs marTvis funqciebs sabazro sistemaSi. imisaTvis, rom gaxde profesionali menejeri unda icode marTvis procesebis buneba, SeZlo pasuxismgeblobis ganawileba marTvis sxvadasxva doneze, icode ekonomika da marketingi, SegeZlos firmis saqmianobis ganviTarebis dagegmva da prognozireba, urTierTobis damyareba Sen xelqveiTebTan, xelmZRvanelobasTan, klientebTan, sxva firmis warmomadgenlebTan, gadawyvetilebis miReba rTul da cvalebad situaciebSi, sakuTari azris naTlad warmodgena.

amave dros, menejerma unda SeZlos adekvaturad Seafasos sakuTari Tavi da sakuTari qceva, hqondes pirovnuli zrdis unari, unda SeeZlos konstruqciuli azrovneba, originaluri proeqtebis Seqmna, xelqveiTTa profesiuli zrda.

SeiZleba ki amdeni Tviseba Tavmoyrili iyos erT adamianSi? _ diax, SeiZleba da amisaTvis saWiroa Tanamedrove praqtikuli fsiqologiis daxmareba, romelic aerTianebs fsiqologiuri codnis yvela sferos, rac saWiroa rTuli profesiuli marTviTi problemebis gadasawyvetad.

menejers unda gaaCndes maRali fsiqologiuri kultura, romelic adamianis saerTo kulturis nawils warmoadgens. igi sam aucilebel elements Seicavs: Seicno sakuTari Tavi, Seicno sxvebi da SeZlo maTTan urTierToba, SegeZlos Seni qmedebis regulireba.

menejerma unda SeZlos sakuTari fsiqologiuri rezervebis gamom­JRavneba, esenia: temperamenti da xasiaTi, cxovrebisadmi, saqmianobisa da miznebisadmi damokidebuleba, mosalodneli emociuri qmedeba daZabul situaciebSi, saqmiani Tvisebebi.

amgvarad, rom gaxde warmatebuli menejeri saWiroa kargad aiTviso praqtikuli fsiqologia, misi rCevebi da rekomendaciebi.
adamianis fsiqikuri samyaro

roca menejeris winaSe rTuli problemaa gadasaWreli, romelic adamianebis urTierTobas, maT pirad gancdebs ukavSirdeba man unda gaigos is Siga meqanizmi, romelic am problemas iwvevs. rogor SeiZleba amis gakeTeba? – mxolod fsiqologiis saSualebiT, mxolod adamianTa fsiqo­logiuri samyaros, misi sirTulisa da sifaqizis gagebiT.

fsiqologiuri samyaro – rogor gvesmis es? rogorc cnobilia, adamiani marTvis sistemaSi ganixileba, rogorc “Savi yuTi”, romelic yrudaa Caketili yvela saketiT. masSi SesaRwevad mTavaria: informacia, instruqcia, brZaneba, xolo gamosasvlelad – sityvebi, moqmedebebi.

procesebi, romlebic saWiroa am “Sav yuTSi” SesaRwevad cota vinmes Tu aRelvebs. mTavaria, isini winaaRmdegobas ar uwevdnen saWiro infor­maciis gavlas. aseTi damokidebuleba adamianisadmi iwvevs gaubedaobis grZnobis warmoqmnas, cxovrebis rwmenis dakargvas, sakuTari indivi­dua­lobis gauxsnelobas. swored amaSi mdgomareobs administraciul-brZa­nebiTi sistemis sicocxlis unarianobis erT-erTi mizezi.

modiT, SevecadoT “Savi yuTis” gaxsnas da masSi anu adamianis sulSi, mis fsiqikur samyaroSi Caxedvas.

fsiqikuri samyaro garemomcveli sinamdvilis aRqmis, Secnobis, saku­Tari gancdebis, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis samyaroa. es adamianis sulia.

adamianis suli – yvelaze didia samyaros saswaulebs Soris. aTaswleulebis manZilze am saswaulis winaSe gaognebuli Cerdebodnen filosofosebi, fsiqologebi, mwerlebi da mxatvrebi, rodesac cdilobdnen aReweraT, gamoexataT, SeecnoT adamianis fsiqikuri da sulieri Tvisebebis arsi. amas akeTebdnen ara ubralo cnobismoyvareobis gamo, aramed imisaTvis, rom daepyroT adamianis sulieri Zalebi, eswavlaT adamianis qcevebis, misi sulieri ganviTarebis marTva.
urTierTobis fsiqologia

adamiani samyaroSi marto ar aris, igi cxovrobs sazogadoebaSi da mudmiv kontaqtSia sxva adamianebTan. TiToeuli Cvenganis fsiqikur samyaroSi mudmivad Semodian sxva adamianebi, ikaveben iq garkveul adgils, gviqmnian karg Tu cud ganwyobilebas.

roca adamians xelmZRvanelad niSnaven fiqrobs Tu ara igi imaze, Tu rogor aewyoba misi urTierToba im adamianebTan, romelTac is uxelmZRvanelebs. nebismieri Cvenganis guneba-ganwyoba xom didadaa damokidebuli im adamianebis qmedebebze, romlebTanac gvaqvs urTierToba. kargi damokidebuleba gvaxarebs, cudi guls gvtkens, gvawuxebs, yuradRebas gvimaxvilebs. yvelaferi es gansakuTrebiT rTulia xelmZRvanelisaTvis, vinaidan igi TiTqosa adamianebis jgufis pirispir dgas. pirovnuli ”me”-s da jgufuri “Cven”-is urTierToba rTulia da aramyari. Znelia gansazRvro saidan modis uaryofiTi, konfliqturi situaciebi gundSi.

mag., pirovneba iniSneba raime xelmZRvanel postze. pirvel rigSi unda gairkves, ramdenad pasuxobs igi idealuri xelmZRvanelisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs. Sefasebis kriteriumebi sxvadasxvaa. erTs moeTxoveba iyos demokratiuli, liberaluri xelmZRvaneli (gansakuTrebiT SemoqmedebiT jgufebSi), meorisgan iTxoven ufro mkacr, avtoritetul xelmZRvanels (mag., warmoebaSi). adamianma unda gaarkvios, Tu ras iTxoven misgan da gansazRvros SeZlebs Tu ara am rolis Sesrulebas.

Semdegi etapi xelmZRvanelis rolis Sesrulebisas – misi qmedebis Sefasebaa. Sefaseba xdeba yvela safexurze dawyebuli ufrosidan damTavrebuli misdami daqvemdebarebuli pirebiT. SeiZleba man TviTSefaseba moaxdinos, magram es ukanaskneli SeiZleba sruliad gansxvavebuli iyos sxvebis azrisagan, amitom xelmZRvanels yovelTvis unda ainteresebdes ras fiqroben masze “zemoT, gverdze da qvemoT” da, amis Sesabamisad, moaxdinos Tavis qmedebis koreqtireba.

TiToeul adamians aqvs sakuTari xasiaTi, Wkua, inteleqti, temperamenti, interesebisa da faseulobebis samyaro. adamianebi ecnobian, uaxlovdebian erTmaneTs da TandaTan yalibdeba pirovnuli urTierTobebi.

ra iwvevs gacnobisas yvelaze did STabeWdilebas? – pirveli, rac TvalSi gecema aris Tmis varcxniloba, romelsac SeuZlia adamiani Secvalos. Semdeg yuradRebas aqcev mis Tvalebs, rac warmoadgens adamianis sulis sarkesa. Tvalebi SeiZleba iyos keTili, civi, sxivosani, eSmakuri, boroti, arwivisebri da sxva. isini Taviseburad gangawyoben. am ganwyobas SeiZleba endo, SeiZleba fxizlad iyo an agresiulad ganewyo. Semdegi – Rimilia. igi zogjer gizidavs, roca keTili da alersiania, zogjer gaSorebs, roca boroti da daZabulia. rogorc cnobili amerikeli specialisti deil karnegi Tvlis: “Tu ginda adamians moewono – gaiRime, iswavle gaRimeba, gaakeTe specialuri varjiSebi sarkis win”. mTlianobaSi saxis gamometyveleba formirdeba mimikiT, ris gamoc adamianze geqmneba STabeWdileba, rogorc alersianze, daRvremilze, kuStze, Tavis TavSi Caketilze da a.S.

aseve didi mniSvneloba eniWeba qcevis maneras, Jestebs, siaruls, sxeu­lis moZraobas da, gansakuTrebiT, laparaks. laparakisas gamoiyofa ori mxare: ras laparakob (sityvebi, teqstebi) da rogor laparakob (qveteqsti). erTi da igive sityva SeiZleba sxadasxvanairad warmoTqva – pativiscemiT, moferebiT, gabrazebiT, borotad; intonacia – Zlieri saSualebaa. igi mdidaria, srulia da ufro rTuli, vidre teqsti. mgrZnobiare adamia­nisaTvis mniSvnelovania ara ras laparakob, aramed rogor laparakob.

xelmZRvanels es yovelTvis kargad ar esmis – “me xom araviTari saw­yeni sityva ar miTqvams” – kiTxulobs is. magram SeiZleba sityvis gareSec awyenino, qveteqstis saSualebiT. yuradReba miaqcieT Tqven intonaciebs da naxavT, Tu ra male Seicvleba Tqvendami xalxis damokidebuleba.

garegnuli mxare Camoyalibebulia. darCa Cacmuloba. igi aseve moqmedebs adamianis aRqmaze. arsebobs andaza – “CacmiT Rebuloben, saqmiT acileben”.

Semdeg yuradRebas vaqcevT adamianis pirovnul Tvisebebs: vin aris, ras warmoadgens, SeiZleba Tu ara mas endo?

amgvarad, adamianebma gaicnes erTmaneTi da iwyeba maT Soris pirov­nuli urTierToba. zogi Zalian uyvarT, zogi ar uyvarT, zogs saerTod ver amCneven. ar uyvarT Teoretikosebi, yoyoCebi, wuwunebi. xelmZRvanels unda SeeZlos nebismier patara jgufTan urTierToba, vinaidan am patara jgufs SeuZlia misi ganadgureba, Tu opoziciaSi Caudga.

SegiZliaT Tu ara adamianebTan urTierToba?

am kiTxvaze SeiZleba gakvirvebiT gipasuxon – ra Tqma unda, nuTu amas raime gansakuTrebuli sWirdeba, magram praqtika gviCvenebs, rom efeqturi urTierToba yvela adamians namdvilad ar SeuZlia, ufro metic – ara yvela xelmZRvanels.

urTierToba mravalmxrivi procesia, romelic amyarebs da aviTarebs adamianebs Soris saerTo saqmianobis moTxovnilebiT gamowveul kontaqtebs.

aq sami erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli mxare gamoiyofa: 1. komunikacia – informaciis gacvla adamianebs Soris, 2. interaqtiuli mxare – orga­ni­zaciaSi urTierToba pirovnebebs Soris saerTo strategiis da taqtikis gamomu­SavebiT da 3. percefciuli (percefcia - aRqma) mxare – es aris part­niorebis mier erTmaneTis Secnoba (aRqma) da amis safuZvelze urTierTobis damyareba.

mTavari yuradReba davuTmoT komunikacias, romelsac marTvisas yvelaze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. praqtikulad yvelaferi, rasac menejeri akeTebs dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad organizaciaSi, moiTxovs informaciis mudmiv da efeqtur gacvlas. es yvelaze rTuli problemaa organizaciaSi. gacvlas adgili aqvs, Tu erTi mxare Txoulobs informacias, xolo meore gascems mas. ra aris amisaTvis saWiro? – 1. SegeZlos zustad gadmosce Seni azri, 2. SegeZlos mosmena.

erTi SexedviT laparakis codna ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre mosmenis. kiTxvisas – “SegiZliaT mosmena?” _ gakvirvebiT pasuxobT- “ ra Tqma unda, SemiZlia.” magram mainc mosmenis arcodna aris araefeqturi urTierTobis ZiriTadi mizezi da mas xSirad mivyavarT problemebamde. zogi Ffiqrobs, rom mosmena niSnavs wynarad ijde da ar gaawyvetino, magram es mosmenis mxolod erTi mxarea. mosmenis codna srulyofas moiTxovs.

rogor vusmenT?

ganvixiloT erTi magaliTi: raime Temaze saubris Semdeg, sanam saubris Sinaarsi isev saRad gaqvT gonebaSi, Tqven Tavs dausviT SekiTxva: marTla vusmendi mosaubres Tu mxolod velodebodi Cems rigs azris gamosaTqmelad?” gaixseneT, rogor usmenT da pasuxi gaeciT Semdeg SekiTxvebs:

1. advilad gadamaqvs yuradReba?

2. xom ar vcdilob movaCveno mosaubes, rom vusmen? an iqneb vusmen mxolod Tavazianobis gamo?

3. vreagireb Tu ara emociuri JReradobis sityvebze?

4. vawyvetineb Tu ara xSirad mosaubres?

5. rogor vusmino Tu mosaubris naTqvami arasainteresoa?

6. Tu mosaubre Zalian nela laparakobs, xom ar gadaverTvebi Cems

fiqrebze?

7. maRizianebs Tu ara Secdomebi mosaubris metyvelebaSi?

8. xom ar vakeTeb naCqarev daskvnas?

9. iqneb ar vusmen da mxolod Cem pasuxze vfiqrob?

rac met dadebiT pasuxs gascemT, es imis maCvenebelia, rom cudad usmenT.

rogor gvismenen sxvebi?

dakvirveba imaze, Tu rogor gvismenen sxvebi, dagexmarebaT, rom ufro Rrmad gaaanalizoT Tqveni smenis maneris Taviseburebebi.

Tu Tqven saubrobT xalxmraval adgilze, mag., quCaSi, saamqroSi, saRamoze da a.S. gonivrulia ganze gadgeT da ipovoT myudro kuTxe. Tu saubari xdeba saxlSi, gamorTeT televizori an radio. Tu kabinetSi RebulobT vinmes, sTxoveT mdivans telefonze TviTon gasces pasuxi. laparakisas gamoyaviT mTavari azri. miRebuli informacia swrafad daupirispireT Tqvensas da maSinve daubrundiT gonebaSi saubris Sinaarss.

yuradReba miaqcieT imas, rom msmeneli swrafad iWers sityvebs, xolo molaparake (am SemTxvevaSi Tqven) nela laparakobs, es SeiZleba gaxdes uyuradRebobis mizezi, rogori sainteresoc ar unda iyos Tema.

saubris dawyebisas upasuxeT Semdeg SekiTxvebs:

1. 
   yvelaferi guldasmiT movifiqre Tu ara?
   
2. 
   var Tu ara Tavisufali stereotipebisagan, mzad var Tu ara
   

aRviqva adamianebi, droulad movaxdino reagireba maTSi momxdar

cvlilebebze?

3. var Tu ara mzad movusmino mosaubres da zustad vupasuxo

dasmul kiTxvebs?

4. aris Tu ara Cemi saubris gegma zusti, naTeli da konkretuli?

5. xom ar gamoiwvevs Cem mier dasmuli kiTxvebi ganxilvis sxva

mimarTulebiT wayvanas?

6. aris Tu ara Cemi formulireba bunebrivi da damajerebeli?

7. yvela Cemi azri gamoxatulia Tu ara naTlad da zustad?

8. sworad SevarCie Tu ara Cemi saubris toni?

9. Sevecade Tu ara Cemi Tavi warmomedgina mosaubris rolSi,

gamego misTvis?

10. davrCebodi Tu ara kmayofili msgavsi saubari CemTan rom

gaemarTaT?

sityviT darwmunebis unari

SegiZliaT TuU ara saubari? iSviaTad Tu dafiqrebula amaze vinme. magram, rogorc ki Seiqmneba sityviT gamosvlis aucilebloba, Tundac krebaze, sxdomaze an saqmiani Sexvedrisas Cndeba problema, vinaidan Cven bavSvobidan vswavlobT weras da ara zepirmetyvelebas.

zepirmetyvelebis kultura, maT Soris saubris, gamosvlebis, leqciebis ar gulisxmobs enis an weris kanonebis zust codnas, igi gulisxmobs konkretul pirobebSi enis yvela saSualebis Segnebul gamoyenebas miznis misaRwevad.

arsebobs azri, rom enis kultura efuZneba swor literaturul metyve­lebas, magram Cven SemTxvevaSi es ar aris sakmarisi. literaturuli metyveleba moiTxovs gramatikis yvela wesis dacvas, rac cocxali sityvi­saTvis naklebadaa damaxasiaTebeli. gramatikaSi ZiriTadad ganixileba analizi da ara sinTezi, rac esoden aucilebelia cocxali sityvisaTvis. misi ganviTarebac xels uwyobs oratoruli xelovnebis dauflebas.

oratoruli xelovneba

oratoruli xelovneba sajaro gamosvlis xelovnebaa. menejerisa da mewarmeebisaTvis oratoruli xelovnebis yvela saxeobidan (politikuri, diplomatiuri, iuridiuli, akademiuri da sxva) yvelaze mniSvnelovania yvelaze axalgazrda saxeoba – saqmiani, romelic XIX saukuneSi warmoiqmna.

urTulesia sxvaze zemoqmedebis procesi. oratoruli xelovneba da logikuri azrovneba moiazreba, rogorc mTliani kompleqsi, isini cal-calke ver miaRweven efeqts.

saqarTvelos iurisprudenciis istoriaSi SemorCa erTi SemTxveva cnobili iuristis andronikaSvilis sasamarTlo procesidan.

gansasjelis skamze ijda kuziani kaci, romelmac mezobeli mokla. kanonisa da formaluri logikis safuZvelze mkvleli sikvdiliT unda daesajaT. andronikaSvili ki mkvlels icavda. misi dacviTi sityva daaxloebiT aseTi iyo:

- pativcemulo mosamarTlev! pativcemulo sazogadoebav! . . . daiwyo advokatma dabali tembriT da naRvliani kiloTi. mosamarTle da damswre sazogadoeba didi gulisyuriT usmenda.

- pativcemulo sazogadoebav! pativcemulo mosamarTlev! . . . da kvlav.

mosamarTle anerviulda da SeniSna, Tqvi saTqmelio.

advokati ki sxvadasxva intonaciiT imeorebda erTi da igives: - didad pativcemulo mosamarTlev! . . . pativcemulo sazogadoebav!

rodesac meaTed gaimeora mosamarTlem iyvira:

- vis dasciniT? sasamarTlos? Tu ar ityviT wagarTmevT sityvis uflebas . . .

da kvlav – Rrmad pativcemulo mosamarTlev! – auRelvebeli toniT gaimeora advokatma. darbazSi atyda sicili. andronikaSvili ki kvlav imeorebda mSvidi, auRelvebeli toniT. maSin mosamarTles nervebma umtyuna, magidas CaquCi dahkra da wamodga sxdomis dasatoveblad. am dros gaisma advokatis mSvidi xma: - mxolod erT wuTs gTxovT, pativcemulo mosamarTlev. mosamarTle SeCerda:

• 
  pativcemulo mosamarTlev, Tqven ver gauZeliT imas, rom didi pativiscemiT ramdenjerme mogmarTeT erTi da igive sityviT. ra unda eqna sacodav gansasjels, romelsac mezobeli TveobiT dReSi aTjer mainc Seuracxyofda erTi da igive sityviT... kuziano... kuziano... unda moeTmina Tu moekla igi? gTxovT gansajoT.
  

andronikaSvilma procesi moigo.

mis profesiul ostatobaSi Serwymuli iyo oratoruli niWi, gonebamaxviloba, mkafio intonacia, adamianis fsiqologiis codna da mizani – daecva moralurad ganadgurebuli adamiani, Tundac mkvleli (m. berikaSvili “metyvelebis kulturis Teoriis da praqtikis sakiTxebi”).

sityvis Zala didi xania cnobilia, sityviT SeiZleba mokla da SeiZleba gaacocxlo adamiani. nebismieri sityva es procesia, romelic Sedgenilia Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: Sinaarsi, mizani, auditoria (msmenelebi), situacia. ZiriTadi yuradReba eqceva Sinaarss miuxedavad imisa, rom am procesSi umniSvnelovanes elements warmoadgens oratori. sityviT gamosvlisas did efeqts axdens oratoris sityvis Sinaarsi (Tu raze laparakob). gamomsvlelma xazi unda gausvas mTavar azrs. man unda gamoxatos Tavisi pozicia, dainaxos is sistemaSi, mTlianobaSi, mxolod es uzrunvelyofs oratoris warmatebas.

susti oratori zogjer diad ideasac daRupavs da piriqiT – umniSvnelo ideac ki SeiZleba kargad warmoaCino.

Sinaarsi winaswar unda iyos moxazuli, magram saboloo koreqtireba da formireba xdeba gamosvlis procesSi imis mixedviT, Tu rogor miiRebs mas auditoria (situaciis mixedviT).

oratorsa da auditorias Soris unda arsebobdes urTierTkavSiri. zogjer saqmian SexvedrebSi monawileoben ucnobi adamianebi, romelTac TavianTi interesebi gaaCniaT, rac arTulebs gamomsvlelis amocanas. saWiroa gaugo auditorias, gamoamJRavno liderebi, gaerkvio arian Tu ara isini mokavSireebi. lideri aZlierebs gavlenas auditoriaze, vinaidan maT^ Sorisaa, xolo oratori maT pirispir dgas. daamyareT kontaqti auditoriasTan da, sapirispiro azris miuxedavad, aiZuleT isini mogisminon. daixsomeT, oratori TviTon qmnis auditorias.

didi mniSvneloba aqvs intonacias, gadmocemis maneras, Jests, mimikas. gaxsovdeT – naxevari informacia gadmoicema intonaciiT. erTi da igive sityvas, naTqvams sxvadasxvanairad SeuZlia sxvadasxva Sedegebamde miyvana. laparaki unda xmamaRla, naTlad, mkafiod, ubralod, raTa azri advilad gasagebi da Casawvdomi iyos. gamosvlis emociuroba unda Seesabamebodes Sinaars da iTvaliswinebdes situacias. gamosvlisas unda icodeT sworad sunTqva.

maqsimaluri efeqti miiRweva azrisa da sityvis harmoniulobisas. deil karnegi gvirCevs: - “gamoamJRavneT rwmena (damajerebloba), mniSvnelovania darwmunebuli iyo sakuTar TavSi (amisTvis unda flobde bevr masalas, magram ar unda iyo zedmetad TviTdajerebuli)”.

SeecadeT gamoiyurebodeT sufTad da koxtad (moxdenilad), es gmatebT rwmenas sakuTar TavSi da iwvevs msmenelis pativiscemas. gaiRimeT, gamosvlas mieciT araformaluri saxe, gadaaqcieT saubrad, saqmiani urTierTobebisas sasargebloa Semdegi gegmis Sedgena: 1. faqtebis, situaciis mokled gaSuqeba; 2. mosazrebebis gamoTqma, romelic am faqts exeba da konkretuli winadadebebi; 3. TanamSromlobis SeTavazeba.

saubri gamosvlis dasawyisSi SedarebiT Znelia, gamosvla unda iyos mokle (2-3 winadadeba); bunebriv tons warmatebisaken mihyavxar. yvelaze strategiuli da mniSvnelovani elementia sityvis damTavreba. damTavrebisas ar gausvaT xazi, rom amTavrebT gamosvlas, magram arc daumTavrebeli datovoT. SeiZleba msmenels raRac komplimentic ki uTxraT. moamzadeT kargi dasawyisi da daboloeba, daakavSireT isini erTmaneTTan. mniSvnelovania ara marto is, Tu ras laparakob, aramed isic, Tu rogor laparakob. saubari unda iyos gasagebi, mxatvruli da emociuri.

1. 
   ra axasiaTebs adamians mosmenis dros?
   
2. 
   SegiZliaT Tu ara adamianebTan urTierToba?
   
3. 
   rogor vusmenT da gvismenen sxvebi?
   
4. 
   ra aris oratoruli xelovneba?