Komunikaciis Teoriebi

komunikaciebi sxvadasxva ganyofilebebs Soris

organizaciebs agreTve sWirdeba horizontaluri komunikaciebic. organizacia Sedgeba mravali qvedanayofisagan, amitom maT Soris in­for­maciis gacvla saWiroa amocanebisa da moqmedebebis koor­dinaci­isaTvis, radganac organizacia aris urTierTdakavSirebuli elementebis sistema. xelmZRvanelobam unda miaRwios imas, rom specialurma ele­mentebma imuSaon erToblivad da xeli Seuwyon organizacis winsvlas.

magaliTad, Tqvens institutSi sxvadasxva ganyofilebis warmo­mad­genlebi periodulad awarmoeben informaciis gacvlas iseT sakiTxebze, rogo­ricaa mecadineobebis cxrilis Sedgena, moTxovnis done prog­ramebSi, TanamSromloba kvleviT da sakonsultacio muSaobaSi.

asevea saavadmyofoSic, sadac sxvadasxva ganyofilebis momsaxure da saeqimo personals sainformacio kavSiri unda hqondes resursebis ga­na­wilebis, jgufebis muSaobis koordinaciis, mkurnalobis axali meTo­debis sakiTxebze da a.S.

vaWrobis dargSi gasaRebis regionaluri xelmZRvanelebi perio­dulad unda xvdebodnen erTmaneTs saerTo problemebis gansaxilvelad, gasaRebis strategiis koordinirebisaTvis da produqciis Sesaxeb informaciis misaRebad.

horizontalurad informaciis gacvlaSi xSirad monawileoben ko­mi­tetebi an specialuri jgufebi.

horizontaluri komunikaciebi saWiroa agreTve imisaTvis, rom Camoyalibdes Tanasworuflebiani urTierTobebi. damtkicebulia, rom aseTi urTierTobebi mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs organizaciis muSakebSi kmayofilebis grZnobis warmoSobas.

K xelmZRvanelsa da xelqveiTs Soris komunikaciebi

es SeiZleba organizaciebSi arsebuli komunikaciebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani komponenti iyos. Tumca, es aris magaliTi informaciis gacvlisa vertikalze. ganvixiloT informaciis mimocvlis es saxe calke, vinaidan es komponenti xelmZRvanelis komunikaciuri saqmianobis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens.

xelmZRvanelTa saqmianobis 2/3 swored xelmZRvanelsa da qveSevrdomTa Soris urTierTobas eTmoba.

xelmZRvanelsa da xelqveiTs Soris informaciis gacvlis uamrav saxeobaTagan zogierTi dakavSirebulia amocanebis axsnasTan, prioritetebsa da mosalodnel SedegebTan, ganyofilebis amocanebis gadawyvetasTan, muSaobis efeqturobis problemebis ganxilvasTan, motivaciis mizniT dajildoebasTan, xelqveiTebis niWis ganviTarebasa da srulyofasTan, arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb informaciis SegrovebasTan, xelqveiTis saqmis kursSi CayenebasTan momavali cvlilebebis Sesaxeb, agreTve informaciis miRebasTan ideebis, gaumjobesebis da winadadebebis Sesaxeb.

xelmZRvanelsa da muSa jgufs Soris komunikaciebi
xelmZRvaneli damatebiT komunikaciebs amyarebs muSa jgufTan. vinaidan informaciis gacvlaSi monawileobs jgufis yvela wevri, TiToeuls aqvs axal amocanebsa da prioritetebze dafiqrebis, sxvadasxva problemasa da miRwevaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis saSualeba.

muSa jgufi xandaxan ikribeba xelmZRvanelis gareSe da ganixilavs sxvadasxva problemas, ris Sesaxebac informacia miewodeba xelmZRvanels.

1. 
   rogor kavSirSia organizaciasa da mis garemos Soris arsebuli komunikaciebi?
   
2. 
   doneTaSorisi komunikaciebis roli organizaciaSi;
   
3. 
   rogori komunikaciebia sxvadasxva ganyofilebebs Soris?
   
4. 
   komunikaciebis roli xelmZRvanelsa da xelqveiTs Soris.
   

Tavi 4. organizaciis Teoriis sami ZiriTadi skola

am naSromma didi 1911 wels gamovida amerikeli mecnieris teiloris wigni „mecnieruli marTva“. gavlena moaxdina marTvaze. teiloris ZiriTadi midgoma organizaciis Seswavlisadmi iTvaliswinebda Sromis yvela saxeobis detalur analizs. man daaskvna, rom muSa TavisTavad ar aris gonieri, magram Sesabamisad reagirebs materialur stimulebze. adamiani ekuTvnis organizacias da iziarebs mis miznebs. is ibrZvis maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis da amitom, SeuZlia ganapirobos maqsimaluri Sromis nayofiereba. amgvarad, adamiani arsebiTad ganixileboda, rogorc warmoebis danamati. profkavSirebi ganixilavdnen teiloris sistemas, rogorc mecnierulad dasabuTebul muSaTa eqspluatacias. dRes am Teorias cota momxre hyavs, magram am midgomis zogierTi Sedegebi SeiZleba praqtikulad davinaxoT konveirebze, masiur warmoebaSi da samxedro organizaciebSi. teilori xazs usvamda organizaciuli struqturis mniSvnelobasa da individebis qcevas, magram yuradRebas ar aqcevda komunikaciebs. teilori komunikacias warmoidgenda erTmxriv mimarTul vertikalur procesad “zemodan qvemoT“, romelic uSualod ukavSirdeba samuSao davalebas. komunikaciis mniSvneloba organizaciebSi 40-ian wlebSi gairkva, rodesac gaCnda e.w. «adamianur urTierTobaTa» skola.

“adamianur urTierTobaTa” skola
“adamianur urTierTobaTa” skolas safuZveli Cauyara orma mkvlevarma: C. barnardma, romelic “niu jersi bel telefonis“ kopaniis prezidenti iyo da e. meiom, harvardis universitetis bianesis skolis profesorma. barnardi avtoria 1938 wels gamocemuli wignisa “mmarTvelis funqciebi“.

am wignma didi gavlena iqonia marTvaze. meio xelmZRvanelobda harvardis universitetis pedagogebis mier Catarebul eqsperimentebs. eqsperimentebi Caatares firma “vestern eleqtrikis qrxanaSi, q. hoTornSi. am eqsperimentebma kardinalurad Secvales Zveli koncefciebi, orga­nizaciaSi adamianis qcevisa da motivaciis Sesaxeb. meio “adamianuri urTierTobebis” skolis da industriuli sociologiis damaarsebladaa cnobili. “mecnieruli marTvis” skolasTan brZolam apogeas 40-iani wlebis bolosa da 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi miaRwia. am brZolaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda C. barnardis wigns da hoTornis eqsperimentebis Sedegebs, Tumca didi mniSvneloba hqonda agreTve mrewvelobaSi muSaTa Zalebis svlas.

meore msoflio omis Semdeg, ekonomikuri aRmavlobis procesSi, mkveTrad gaizarda kantoris muSakTa ricxvi, muSaTa saerTo masaSi. es profesiulad momzadebuli specialistebi, romlebsac marTvis saSualo da yvelaze qveda doneebze ekavaT Tanamdebobebi ar SeiZleba gavaigivoT daqiravebul muSebTan. isini mepatroneebis Tanamoazre arian da qvemodan ar arian dawinaurebuli. isini korporaciebSi movidnen teqnikuri kole­jebidan da biznes-skolebidan. saxelmwifo da aramwarmoebelma organi­zaciebmac aqtiurad daiwyes aseTi specialistebis miReba maRali safa­suriTa da surviliT, raTa daekavebinaT TavianT organizaciebSi. am mizniT meti yuradReba eTmoboda maT moTxovnebs. maT ukve aRar epyrobodnen, rogorc “manqana-meqanizmebis” danamats, rogorc es warsulSi iyo “mecnieruli marTvis” skolis doqtriniT ganpirobebuli.

gamokvlevebma, romlebmac gadamwyveti roli Seasrula muSakebis motivebis axleburad gaazrebaSi da organizaciuli qcevis Teoriis qvakuTxedad gadaiqcnen „hoTornis eqsperimentebis“ saxelwodeba miiRes.

hoTornis eqsperimentebi

20-ian wlebSi amerikel inJiner-gamnaTebelTa sazogadoebam eqspe­rimentebis seria Caatara samrewvelo sawarmoebSi ganaTebasTan dakavSirebiT. am eqsperimentebis Sedegebi sakmaod moulodneli aRmoCnda. damtkicda, rom pirdapiri kavSiri ganaTebis xarisxsa da Sromis nayofierebis dones Soris ar arsebobs. Aamitom, daigegma damatebiTi eqsperimentebis Catareba samuSao adgilis ganaTebisa da muSis Sromis nayofierebis urTierTkavSiris analizisaTvis. sxva firmaTa Soris am eqsperimentSi monawileoba miiRo firma “vestern eleqtrikma”. 20-iani wlebis bolos am firmam Sromis pirobebis komitetTan erTad Caatara eqsperimentebis seria q. hoTornis sawarmoSi, CikagosTan axlos. es eqspe­rimentebi daiwyo zemoxsenebuli firmis inJinerma u. diksonma. hoTornis qarxanaSi muSaobda 4000 adamiani, romelic awarmoebda satelefono kavSiris danadgarebs. am qarxanaSi gamokvlevebi daiwyo samuSao adgilebis ganaTebis gaumjobesebis eqsperimentebiT. am eqsperimentebma mkvlevarebi moulodnel da Znelad asaxsnel Sedegebamde miiyvana (sagulisxmoa, rom Tavidan es eqsperimentebi tardeboda teilorizmis principebTan sruli SesabamisobiT). magaliTad, erT-erTi eqsperimentis dros muSebi gaanawiles or jgufad: sakontrolo jgufi (am jgufSi eqsperimentis dros Cveulebrivi ganaTeba SeinarCunes) da eqsperimentuli jgufi, romelSic ganaTebis done gazardes jer 24-dan 46-mde, Semdeg 70 futosanTlamde. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, Sromis nayofiereba gaizarda ganaTebis gaZlierebasTan erTad, Tumca gasakviri iyo is, rom Sromis nayofiereba aseve gaizarda, rodesac sakontrolo jgufis saTavsis ganaTeba Seamcires 10, bolos ki 3-erTeulamde. Sromis nayofiereba, miuxedavad mosa­lod­nelisa, ki ar Semcirda, aramed gaizarda. sakontrolo jgufis saTavsSi, sadac mudmivi ganaTebis done SenarCunebuli iyo, Sromis nayofiereba aseve gaizarda. sxva eqsperimentSi ganaTebis done 0,6-erTeulamde Seamcires, rac daaxloebiT mTvaris Suqze muSaobas Seesabameboda. mxolod am eqspe­rimentSi, am donis ganaTebis dros Semcirda Sromis nayofiereba.

eqsperimentis Sedegebi ucnauri iyo da mecnierebi (mkvlevarebi) cdi­lobdnen moeZebnaT am movlenis adekvaturi axsna. es Sedegebi ar iZle­odnen imis saSualebas, rom gaekeTebinaT daskvna, rom Sromis nayofiereba erTmniSvnelovnadaa dakavSirebuli saTavsis ganaTebasTan. sagulisxmo ufro is iyo, rom muSebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas grZnobdnen, rogorc eqsperimentis monawileebi da am faqtTan iyo dakavSirebuli Sromis nayofierebis amaRleba. imisgan damoukideblad, muSebi eqsperimentul jgufebSi iyvnen Tu sakontrolo jgufebSi, isini grZnobdnen, rom respon­dentebis rolSi iyvnen eqsperimentSi da albaT, es momenti iwvevda Sromis nayofierebis zrdas.

im sawarmos pativsacemad, sadac eqsperimentebi Catarda, mecnierebma “hoTo­rnis efeqti” uwodes. es termini niSnavs imas, rom adamiani midre­kilia Tavisi qcevis normis Secvlisaken, rodesac icis, rom eqsperimentis obieqtia. rodesac am eqsperimentis organizatorebma CaTvales, rom Sede­gebis axsna SeuZlebelia, maT gadawyvites daxmarebisaTvis miemarTaT har­var­dis universitetis biznes-skolis profesorisaTvis, sawarmoo urTier­Tobebis sociologiis specialistisaTvis e. meiosaTvis. e. meio iqamde ukve ikvlevda Sromis nayofierebis problemebs. 1927 wlidan 1932 wlamde meio da misi kolegebi, maT Soris f. rotlisbergeri da u. diksoni atarebdnen eqsperimentebis serias, romlebic “hoTornis eqsperimentebis” saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. erT-erTi eqsperimenti maT Caatares telefonis releebis amkreb saamqroSi. am saamqroSi 5 amkrebi qali muSaobda. aq aprobirebul iqna stimulirebis da Sromis nayofierebis zrdis sxvadasxva meTodebi: Sromis anazRaurebis jgufuri progresiuli sistema, Sesvenebebi, Semoklebuli samuSao dRe, ufaso sauzme, TiToeuli es xerxi (meTodi) iZleoda Sromis nayofierebis zrdas. Semdgom am gamocdilebis mqone jgufebi gadaiyvanes 48-saaTian, eqvsdRian samuSao kviraze, romlis drosac maT araviTari damatebiTi stimulebi ar hqoniaT, arc Sesvenebebi da arc sauzme. Sromis nayofierebam manamde dafiqsirebul maqsimums miaRwia.

Semdeg etapze meiom da misma Tanamoazreebma uSualo dakvirveba moaxdines muSebze, romlebic amzadebdnen eleqtromotorebis xviebs. am jgufSic, Sromis nayofierebis stabiluri done damyarda, Tumca mcdeloba es muSaTa jgufi Sromis nayofierebis Tavis Cveul normas gamoimuSavebda, miuxedavad xelmZRvanelebis mcdelobisa, gaezardaT Sromis nayofiereba, amao gamodga. koleqtivi zewolas axdenda jgufis wevrebze, raTa maT normiT dawesebulze meti Sromis nayofierebiT ar emuSavaT.