mari wereTeli
410
marjori uordropi (saqarTveloSi imogzaura 1894-1895
wlebSi — m.w.) kargad icnobs saqarTvelos istorias, amitomac
ruseTs dampyrobel qveynad ganixilavs. istoriuli eqskursi
publicistur saTqmels kidev ufro Seuferadeblad da mamxi-
leblad amkveTrebs: `ruseTi qristianuli qveyanaa, romelsac
dasaxmareblad mimarTa erekle II-m, roca TiTqmis moiSuSa 1795
wlis aRa-mahmad-xanis sastiki laSqrobis Sedegad miyenebuli
Wrilobebi, iseTive mtrad moevlina saqarTvelos, rogorc mah-
madianebi. ruseTi ganzrax cdilobda qarTuli enis amoZirkvas,
aikrZala misi swavleba skolebSi. mxolod rogorc ucxo enas ise
aswavlidnen da isic dawyebiTi skolis farglebSi. rogorc
dapyrobilT, TviT garusebulebsac ki, rusebi zizRiT ekidebi-
an~ (uordropi 2012:44). misi TqmiT: `Zlieri eri fexqveS qelavs
mcire eris erovnul cxovrebas, Tavisuflebas da uZvirfases
ideebs~ (uordropi 2012:45).
1922 wels Jurnal `lomisSi~ gamoqveynebul artur laisti-
sadmi miZRvnil werilSi `kargi evropieli~ konstantine gamsa-
xurdia werda: `mTel saukunes batonobda imperialistebis ru-
seTi saqarTveloSi da maCveneT maTi erTi wigni saqarTveloze,
romelSic imdeni codna da siyvaruli gamokrTodes, rogoric
artul laistis `qarTvel xalxSi~ ("Das Georgische Volk"). amieri-
dan saqarTvelo ar iqneba arc kurorti da arc restorani, ro-
melSic ucxoelebi movlen, dastkbebian Cveni stumarTmoyvare-
obiT da wavlen. Tu aqamde yovel gadamTiels qarTvelebi xvde-
bodnen xelebgaSlili, amieridan Cven iseT ucxoelebs davafa-
sebT, romelnic Cvens amags daafaseben~.
artur laisti 1884 wels Camovida saqarTveloSi. misi pirve-
li samogzauro STabeWdilebebi asaxulia teqstiT `saqarTve-
loSi~ (kerZod, `kolxidaSi — pirvelad saqarTveloSi~, gv.201-
223. aseve, avtoris dakvirvebebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb gadmoce-
mulia sxvadasxvagvarad dasaTaurebul monakveTebSi — m.w.), ro-
melic Sesulia wignSi `saqarTvelos guli~. artur laisti kon-
kretulad arsad msjelobs saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi
statusis Sesaxeb, mas eTnografiuli da kulturuli sivrce uf-
ro ainteresebs, Tumca istoriul peripetiebze saubrisas yu-
radRebas amaxvilebs damoukideblobisaTvis qarTvelTa brZo-
me-19 saukunis evropel mogzaur-avtorTa publicistur-dokumenturi
narativi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb da misi Tanamedrove interpretacia
411
laze da Tbilisis daTvalierebisas dasZens: `saqarTvelos uka-
naskneli mefis iraklis sasaxlisa da ramdenime nagebobis garda
TbilisSi aRaraferi gviambobs qveynis samxedro da saxelmwifo
Zlierebis Sesaxeb~. iqve dasZens: `qarTuli eklesia SeerTebulia
ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan. maT wesebs Soris Semor-
Cenilia zogierTi Zveli gansxvavebulobani~ (laisti 1963:.221).
baroni de bai saqarTvelos aneqsirebul qveynad moixseni-
ebs, Tumca SedarebiT pozitiur saburvelSi axvevs ruseTis
rols da misias saqarTveloSi. wers: `am lamaz saqarTveloSi
ruseTi, iseve rogorc sxvagan, bizantiis memkvidre gaxda, qris-
tianuli saberZneTis Rvawlis gamgrZelebeli da ganmaaxlebeli~
(de bai baroni 2011:54). mogzauri saqarTvelos `imperiuli gvir-
gvinis lamaz yvavils uwodebs~.
qarTul-evropuli sivrciTi paralelebi, qveynis imJaminde-
li politikuri mdgomareobis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos samya-
ros sruluflebian nawilad warmoCenas emsaxureba. isic unda
aRvniSnoT, rom evropeli avtorebi kulturul orientirebzec
amaxvileben yuradRebas. `dasavlur da aRmosavlur kulturaTa
Soris winaaRmdegoba dRemde Zalian mwvavea, antagonisturia.
vgoneb, erTaderTi adgili dedamiwis zurgze, sadac dasavlur
da aRmosavlur kulturaTa Soris dapirispirebuloba TviT
`rigiTi~ adamianebis donezec ki ar aris antagonisturi, saqar-
Tveloa~ — aRniSnavs levan bregaZe eseSi `evropa varT Tu azia?~
(lib.ge). is, rom saqarTvelo dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis geopo-
litikur sivrceSi mdebare qveyanaa da misi kultura am niSanTa
momcvelia, sayovelTaod cnobilia. `qarTveli ki TaviT fexe-
bamde abreSumisa da xaverdis tanisamosSi gaxveuli — es aris
meCvidmete saukunis civilizacia, es aris venecia, sicilia, sa-
berZneTi~ — werda aleqsandre diuma „kavkasiaSi“ (diuma1964:114).
me-19 saukuneSi, qveynis politikuri mdgomareobis Sesaty-
visad, SeiniSneba kulturuli veqtoris cvlilebac, rasac sa-
mogzauro teqstebic adasturebs: oliver uordropis azriT,
qveynis politikuri idealebi dasavleT evropidan aris nasesxe-
bi: `ar arsebobs SemTxveva, roca xalxi feodalizmidan pirdapir
liberalizmSi gadasuliyos. monarqTa SviliSvilebi — adamiane-
bi, romlebic TiTqmis meoTxedi saukunis ukan udidesi raode-
mari wereTeli
412
nobis ymebis mflobelebi iyvnen, axla demokratiuli ideebis
mgznebare damcvelebi arian da xmamaRla acxadeben Tavadisa da
glexis, mepatronisa da muSis Tavisuflebas, Tanasworuflebia-
nobasa da Zmobas~ (uordropi 2001:167) da daaskvnis: `es ar aris
erTaderTi SemTxveva, raSic saqarTvelom zurgi aqcia azias da
mklavebi gauSala evropas. parizuli moda, germanuli
racionalizmi, inglisuri sporti da civilizaciis sxva
monapovrebi iwyeben masze gavlenas~ (uordropi 2001:168).
yvela avtori aRniSnavs, rom Tbilisi aziuri qalaqic aris
da evropulic. aseve, marjori uordropis dakvirvebiT `Tbili-
si erTdroulad aRmosavluric aris da dasavluric~ (uordro-
pi. 2012:25). Tumca, misive TqmiT, SeimCneva evropuli cxovrebis
wesis gaZliereba, rom TbilisSi uamravi adamiani imoseba evro-
puli tansacmliT. `zRapruli qveyanaa”, — am sityvaTa SeTanxme-
biT, norvegieli mwerlis — knut hamsunis msgavsad gamoxata mar-
jori uordropma Tavisi damokidebuleba saqarTvelos mimarT.
artur laistsac qalaqis evropuli nawili moswons: `aq SeiZ-
leba dagaviwydes, rom aRmosavleTSi imyofebi~ (lais-
ti:1963:216); `xolo qalaqis Zvel nawilSi azia sufevs sxvadas-
xvagvari, Wreli da gaqvavebuli TaviseburebebiT~ (laisti
1963:209).
am SemTxvevaSi `Wreli da gaqvavebuli Taviseburebebi~ aziu-
ri kulturis amsaxveli metaforebia. aq erTgvari paraleli Se-
iZleba davZebnoT artur laistis didi megobris — ilia WavWava-
Zis statiasTan `azia, winaT da axla~. mwerali imdroindel evro-
pas azias adarebs da aziis CamorCenis mizezebs Semdegnairad
ganmartavs: `rogor moxda, rom erT dros `civilizaciis akvnad
“
Seracxuli, axla didi xania, `Crdil i~ mimdgara. xelosnobiT,
mecnierebiT, xelovnebiT evropam pirSi Cala gamoavlo am mo-
xucs qveyanas da axla azieloba aRar aris Tavmosawonebeli. ra
aris aseTi CamorCenis mizezi? dasmul kiTxvas ilia Tavadve pa-
suxobs: warmateba imis ki ar aris, vinc marto Tavis avkargiano-
bas Sehxaris, vinc dRes miRweuls uerdeba, aramed imisia, vis-
Tvisac dRevandeloba xidia xvalisTvis. warmateba gamrjesi,
mxnesia — amisTanad aRmoCnda evropeli. is aris d es qveynis uR-
lis mweveli da patroni. mas yvelaferi aqvs — mecniereba, Wkua
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