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mari   wereTeli 

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qarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis stamba, 2012.  

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16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel-literature

Mari Tsereteli 

Associate Professor 

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University

Nineteenth Century European Traveler-Authors Publicistic-Documentary 

Narrative about Georgia and its Modern Interpretation 

Resume

In the 19

th

 century Caucasus and Georgia have become Europeans’ subject 

of special interest. Journey books of the famous authors: Alexander Dumas, 

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me-19 saukunis evropel mogzaur-avtorTa publicistur-dokumenturi 

narativi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb da misi Tanamedrove interpretacia

417

Bertha von Suttner, Oliver and Marjory Wardrop, Arthur Leist, Baron de Baye, 

Knut Hamsun, exactly represent this epoch. 

“Journeys” are distinguished according to text function and composition – 

stylistic peculiarities. There is a publicist documentary traveling text and 

“journey” as an artistic mode.  

“Journeys” of traveler researcher-geographers, writers and journalists differ 

from each other. Except the content of the above-mentioned authors’ books, per-

manent continuity toward the time is stipulated by the live, dynamic text, with 

typical signs of literary journalism: factuality, author’s, subjective perception, 

publicity. Journalistic forms create a united mosaic picture: reporting, comment, 

portrait, interview, review, essayistic insertion.  

The authors’ goal is to familiarize European readers with distant geo-

graphic environment, so, they set a goal to represent multilaterally something 

strange, exotic as a “newly discovered” part of the universe, but by the com-

parative analysis of separate texts it is established that except journey interests 

and motives, the authors are distinguished with a personal relationship toward 

the geographical environment. 

The political reality of the 19

th

 century Georgia annexed by the Russian 

Empire is so adequately understood, as far as they are informed from the reliab-

le documentary sources. Despite the centuries-old history and original culture of 

Georgia, the travelers reflect the realism characteristic of the epoch positively, 

sometimes sincere pompousness. That is why, the majority of “journeys” were  

unpublished and tabooed in Georgian during the soviet period.  

The texts are significant from the point of view of European-Asian political 

judgments, despite the country’s political status of those times, Georgian-Euro-

pean space parallels, represent Georgian universe as full part. 

European travelers’ books familiarize foreign readers with the geographic, 

historical, ethnographic and cultural space, which is no less actual for Georgian 

readers.  That is why, the 19

th

 century Georgian democratic press does not leave 

their voyage without attention. Printed information and impression fragments, as 

well as separate books published in recent years, whose goal is critical cognition 

of the Georgian reality, return modern reader into a significant, multilateral 

Georgian socio-cultural environment, seen through the Europeans’ eyes. 

Nowadays “journeys” have gained a new importance both from the point of 

view of text interpretation and the development of Kartvelology and cultural 

communication with European countries. 

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aleqsandre wurwumia 

418

aleqsandre wurwumia

geopolitikuri sivrcis centralurobis 

dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi

politikuri procesebi garkveuli kanonzomierebiT da Ta-

viseburebiT xasiaTdeba. amis erT-erT gamoxatulebas warmoad-

gens is garemoeba, rom msoflioSi mimdinare gardamtexi  movle-

nebis umetesoba evraziul sivrceSi ganviTarebula da viTarde-

ba. gansakuTrebiT sivrceSi mdebare 30-e da 55-e paralelebs So-

ris.

swored istoriuli procesebis zemoaRniSnul specifiku-

robaze amaxvilebda yuradRebas ingliseli geografi da geopo-

litikosi ser helord jorj makinderi (1861-1947). 1904 wels igi 

samefo geografiuli sazogadoebis winaSe warsdga moxsenebiT 

`istoriis geografiuli RerZi~. es moxseneba Semdgom statiis 

saxiT gamoqveynda. masSi makinderi ayalibebs xedvas, romlis mi-

xedviT geopolitikuri TvalsazrisiT yvelaze xelsayreli cen-

traluri mdebareoba aqvs evraziis kontinentis centrs, rome-

lic, Tavis mxriv,  msoflios centrSi mdebareobs. mas makinder-

ma `RerZuli sivrce~ (Pivot area) uwoda anu Semdgom `Heartland~

`Suaguli miwa~. kontinentalur masaTa Tavmoyris am areals igi 

yvelaze mosaxerxebel geografiul placdarmad Tvlida msof-

lioze kontrolis dasamyareblad. erT-erTi geopolitikuri 

kategoria, romelic Semoaqvs makinders, es aris msoflio kun-

Zuli (World Island), romelic aerTianebs evraziis kontinents da 

CrdiloeT afrikis sivrces.   

makinderma msoflio sam sartylad dahyo. pirveli — es aris 

`RerZuli areali~ (Pivot area), romelsac gars ekvris meore, 

`Sida anu ganapira naxevarmTvare~ (Inner or marginal crescent) da 

mesame sartyeli — es aris `gare anu kunZulovani naxevarmTvare~ 

(Outer or insular crescent).

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