145
National Democratic Institute, ‘Democratic Oversight of Police Forces. Mechanisms for Accountability and
Community Policing’, available at www.accessdemocracy.org/files/1906_gov_policing_080105.pdf: 36. (August
2005)
146
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, note 8 above: 71.
147
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, note 8 above: 71.
148
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, note 8 above: 73.
149
Reporters Sans Frontières, ‘Mexico’, available at http://en.rsf.org/report-mexico,184.html.
150
Stapenhurst, note 61 above: 7.
151
John McMillan and Pablo Zoido, ‘How to Subvert Democracy: Montesinos in Peru’,
Journal of Economic
Perspectives 18, no. 4 (2004), p 69-92.
152
Wesley G. Skogan, ‘Community Participation and Community Policing’, in Jean-Paul Brodeur (ed.)
How to
Recognize Good Policing: Problems and Issues (London: Sage Publications, 1998): 106.
153
Stapenhurst, note 62 above: points 1–4.
154
For an overview see for example David A. Brown,
Rebuilding the Trust: Task Force on Governance and Cultural
Change in the RCMP (Canada: Her Majesty
the Queen of Canada, 2007); Milton Mollen,
Commission Report:
Commission to Investigate Allegations of Police Corruption and the Anti-Corruption Procedures of the Police Department (New
York: The Commission, 1994; Fitzgerald, note 1 above; Wood, note 1 above.
155
Kutnjak Ivkovic, note 7 above: 116–117.
156
Lawrence W. Sherman,
Scandal and Reform: Controlling Police Corruption (Berkeley, CA: University of California
Press, 1978).
157
Brown, note 78 above: 12.
158
Mollen, note 78 above: 13.
Chapter 7:
159
G. Klemencic and J. Stusek, ‘Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models’, OECD, 2007, available at
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/4/39971975.pdf.
160
O.-D. Fjeldstad and J. C. Andvig, ‘Crime, Poverty and Police Corruption in Developing Countries’, CMI
Working Paper 2008:7 (Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2008).
161
Fjeldstad and Andvig, note 2 above: 24.
162
Fjeldstad and Andvig, note 2 above; T. Prenzler,
Police Corruption: Preventing Misconduct and Maintaining Integrity
(Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2009).
163
Fjeldstad and Andvig, note 2 above; T. Prenzler,
Police Corruption: Preventing Misconduct and Maintaining Integrity
(Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2009).
164
Interview with
Henk Hummel and Han van Duren, Rijksrecherche, the Netherlands.
165
Based on the decision log of the Metropolitan Police of London, with some additions by the author.
166
G. R. Newman,
Sting Operations, Problem-Oriented Guides for Police (Cops) (Washington, DC: US Department of
Justice, 2007).
167
S. Kutnjak Ivkovic,
Fallen Blue Knights: Controlling Police Corruption (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005)
168
USAID/NEPAL, ‘Anti-corruption Investigation and Trial Guide’, 2005, available at
http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADE146.pdf
169
Snijders, note 1 above.
170
See the chapter on the role of information in P. Aepli, O. Ribaux and E. Summerfield,
Decision-Making in
Policing (Lausanne: PPUR, 2011).
171
In some countries/judicial systems the prosecutor is independent and does not liaise with the police. In other
judicial systems the prosecutor is responsible for the entire investigative process.
172
In some countries/judicial systems the prosecutor is independent and does not liaise with the police. In other
judicial systems the prosecutor is responsible for the entire investigative process.
173
J. Osterburg and R. Ward,
Criminal Investigation: A Method for Reconstructing the Past, 4th ed. (London: LexisNexis,
2004): 123.
174
Thanks to Superintendent Tom de Wit, Police Academy of the Netherlands.
175
G. Klemencic and J. Stusek, ‘Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models’, OECD, 2007, available at
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/4/39971975.pdf.
176
This case study was adapted from the OECD report: Klemencic and Stusek, note 17 above.
375
177
Klemencic and Stusek, note 17 above; W. Bruggeman, ‘Legitimacy, Ethics and Integrity Systems in
Police
Organisations’, in
Pearls in Policing 2010: Navigating the Way Ahead, available at
http://spl.politieacademie.nl/Portals/0/docs/Internationaal/Pearls-in-Policing-2010-Navigating.pdf
178
The Croatian anti-corruption programme USKOK was established with the help of the Dutch police, who
delivered a series of 15 seminars addressing relevant issues like intelligence-led policing, investigative strategies,
international cooperation, digital and forensic
investigation, surveillance, multiagency cooperation, etc. More
information about this programme is available from the author of this chapter.
179
A. Osse, ‘Understanding Policing: A Resource for Human Rights Activists’, 2007, available at
www.amnesty.nl/documenten/phrp/Understanding%20policing%20Part%201.pdf
Chapter8:
180
M.S. Grindle,
Getting good government: capacity building in the public sectors of developing countries (Boston: Harvard
University Press, 2007).
181
See: http://www.caricomict4d.org/ict-for-development-topics-mainmenu-132/capacity-building-mainmenu-
174/75-definition-of-capacity-building.html
182
See: R. Spoth, M. Greenberg, K. Bireman, C. Redmond, (2004) “PROSPER Community-University
Partnership Model for Public Education Systems: Capacity-Building for Evidenced-Based, Competence-Building
Prevention,”
Prevention Science, 5, No. 1 (2004): 31-39.
183
Although this book does not claim the contents to be ‘capacity building’
per se, when the
overall content of the
book is considered, it appears to the author that it achieves that objective. See: P. Aepli, O. Ribeaux, E.
Summerfield
, Decision Making in Policing Operations and Management (Lausanne: EPFL Press, 2011).
184
C. Potter, R. Brough, “Systemic building: a hierarchy of needs,”
Health Policy Planning, 19, no. 5 (2004): 336-345.
185
J. R. T. Wood, ‘Final Report of the Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service: Vol. 1:
Corruption and Vol. 2: Reform’ (Sydney: Government of the State of New South Wales, 1997).
186
Further developments can be found in Pierre Aepli, Olivier Ribaux and Everett Summerfield,
Decision Making
in Policing: Operations and Management (Lausanne: EPFL Press, 2011).
187
Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, ‘Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials’
(Geneva: United Nations, 1979).
188
Based on the statement of values of the New South Wales Police Force.
189
See: J. Alderson,
Policing Freedom (Plymouth: MacDonald and Evans Ltd., 1979).
190
John Cottingham Alderson, CBE, QPM: 28 May 1922 – 7 October 2011.
191
For further discussion on this topic see: D.H. Bayley,
Changing the Guard: Developing Democratic Police Abroad.
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).
192
West Midlands Police, ‘Recruit Selection Procedure’ (2011), available at www.west-midlands.police.uk.
193
M. Pedler, J. Burgoyne and T. Boydell,
The Learning Company: A Strategy for Sustainable Development, 2nd ed.
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996); P. Honey and A. Mumford,
A Manual of Learning Styles (Maidenhead: Honey,
1992).
194
Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, introduced in the UK on 2 July 1998.
195
D. Goleman, R. Boyatzis and A. McKee,
The New Leaders (London: Little, Brown, 2001).
196
S. Burtonshaw-Gunn,
Essential Tools for Management Consultancy (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2010).
197
N. Stanford,
Organization Design: The Collaborative Approach (Oxford: Elsevier Publishing, 2004).
198
Such a system is developed for appointing ‘catalysts’ or officers specially trained in ethics, who then will be
able to advise or counsel their fellow officers facing ethical dilemmas within the organisation.
199
R. Speculand,
Bricks to Bridges: Make Your Strategy Come Alive (Singapore: Bridges Consultancy, 2005).
200
Bax: A. Beckley,
Is there a training and development link between emotional intelligence, reflective practice and management
competency? Unpublished Dissertation (University College, Worcester, 2003).
201
Bax,məsələn: Australian Federal Police, “International Policing Toward 2020. The Outcomes,” (report of the
conference that was held 19-21 November 2007 in Canberra), 2007, available at
http://conference.afp.gov.au/2020_Conference_Summary.pdf; T. Newburn, “The
future of policing,” In
Handbook of policing (2nd ed.) (Devon: Willan Publishing, 2008);Y. Jekes, M. Yar,
“
Policing Cybercrime: Emerging
trends & future challenges,” In
Handbook of policing (2nd ed.) (Devon: Willan Publishing, 2008);T.J. Cowper, M.E.
Buerger, (u/d.), “Improving Our View of the World: Police and Augmented Reality Technology,” Futures
Working Group, USA, FBI / Department of Justice; P. Dick, “Bending over Backwards? Using a Pluralistic
376