Sheet Metal Forming

Index / 347
evolutionary algorithm (EA), 150–151(F)
explosive forming
applications, 232–233
contact operation, 229(F)
detonation velocities, 230
equipment, 231
explosive gases, 230
gas forming technique, 230
locations for, 231
overview, 228–230
propellant forming, 230(F)
stand-off operation, 229(F)
techniques, 229(F)
explosive gases, 230
extrados, 185, 187, 189
F
fabrication industry, 42
fatigue tests, 298–299(F)
ferrite
AHSS, 108(T), 109, 113
B-pillar simulation, 143
coupled thermomechanical and microstructure evolution, 
141
through hardening, 321
22MnB5, 135(T)
ferrous materials, 319
fieldshaper, 234, 239(F)
final hemming (flattening), 40, 41(F)
fine blanking, 12–14(F)
blanking force (
F
S
), 12
counterforce (
F
G
), 12
flatness, 13
forces, 12–13(F)
moving and fixed punch systems, 14(F)
process, 13(F)
punch systems, 14(F)
stages, 13(F)
standard blanking, difference between, 12
V-ring force (
F
R
), 12
fine stamping. 
See
fine blanking
finite element (FE) simulations, 15–16
blanking a circular part, 16(F)
part edge, 16(F)
part fracture, 16(F)
elastic stresses in punch, 16(F)
warm sheet hydroforming, 172–173(T)
finite element method (FEM)
bending and springback, 26–27(F,T), 28(F)
blanking/piercing (case study), 56(T)
crimping, 299
forming simulations, 51
ISF, 283–284
process design, 74
process sequence design, 76(F)
punch corner radii, 80(F)
punch diameters, 79(F)
punch riveting, 290
THF, 189, 192
finite element modeling (FEM)
interface friction coefficient, 173
interface heat-transfer coefficients, 173
finite-element (FE) programs, 221
finite-element analysis (FEA)
AHSS, 27
bending, 26–27(F,T)
clinching, 299, 300
forming force and energy, 123, 124(T)
progressive die design, 81–82
progressive die forming, 73–79(F,T), 80(F)
progressive die sequence, 58–59
springback, 26–27(F,T)
steps, 51–52
THF, 202
V-die bending, 26–27(F,T)
finite-element method (FEM) simulations
accuracy, factors affecting
comparison of reality and the simulation model, 68(T)
comparison of thickness profile, 68(F)
nonisothermal simulations (heat transfer coefficients), 
69
overview, 67–68
shell elements, 69
springback issues—influence of elastic modulus, 68
thickness variations of the incoming material, 68–69
case studies (
see
finite-element simulations, case studies)
FEA, 51–52
FLCs, 54(F)
input to simulations
COF, 53
geometry (CAD model) for tooling, 52
material properties, 53
overview, 52
temperature, influence of, 53
output/predictions, 53
stamping defects, 53–54
thinning, 54(F)
Timoshenko’s buckling theory, 54
finite-element simulations, case studies
blank holder force optimization
aluminum alloy A6111-T4, 60(F)
input parameters, 60(T)
objective, 59–60
optimized BHF variable in space and constant in time, 
60(F)
output, 60
blanking/piercing
blanking process and experimental and simulation se, 
55(T)
blanking simulation of DP590, 55(F)
objective, 54
obtained length of shear zone, 56(F)
output, 55–56
sheared edge, 57(F)
deep drawing of round and rectangular cups
input parameters, 58(T)
objective, 56–57
one-fourth finite-element model of round cup drawing, 
58(F)

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