Connection of this with relaxation, 289. Purity of life, 290. Asceticism,
296. Obedience, 310. Poverty, 315. The sentiments of democracy and
of humanity, 324. General effects of higher excitements, 325.
LECTURES XIV AND XV
T
HE
V
ALUE
OF
S
AINTLINESS
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255
It must be tested by the human value of its fruits, 327. The reality of
the God must, however, also be judged, 328. “Unfit” religions get elimi-
nated by “experience,” 331. Empiricism is not skepticism, 332. Indi-
vidual and tribal religion, 334. Loneliness of religious originators, 335.
Corruption follows success, 337. Extravagances, 339. Excessive devout-
ness, as fanaticism, 340; as theopathic absorption, 343. Excessive purity,
348. Excessive charity, 355. The perfect man is adapted only to the
perfect environment, 356. Saints are leavens, 357. Excesses of asceti-
cism, 360. Asceticism symbolically stands for the heroic life, 363. Mili-
tarism and voluntary poverty as possible equivalents, 365. Pros and cons
of the saintly character, 369. Saints versus “strong” men, 371. Their
social function must be considered, 374. Abstractly the saint is the
highest type, but in the present environment it may fail, so we make
ourselves saints at our peril, 375. The question of theological truth, 377.
LECTURES XVI AND XVII
M
YSTICISM
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294
Mysticism defined, 370. Four marks of mystic states, 380. They form a
distinct region of consciousness, 382. Examples of their lower grades,
382. Mysticism and alcohol, 386. “The anæsthetic revelation,” 387.
Religious mysticism, 393. Aspects of Nature, 394. Consciousness of God,
396. “Cosmic consciousness,” 398. Yoga, 400. Buddhistic mysticism,
401. Sufism, 402. Christian mystics, 406. Their sense of revelation, 408.
Tonic effects of mystic states, 414. They describe by negatives, 416.
Sense of union with the Absolute, 419. Mysticism and music, 420.
Three conclusions, 422. (1) Mystical states carry authority for him who
has them, 423. (2) But for no one else, 424. (3) Nevertheless, they
break down the exclusive authority of rationalistic states, 427. They
strengthen monistic and optimistic hypotheses, 428.
LECTURES XVIII
P
HILOSOPHY
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333
Primacy of feeling in religion, philosophy being a secondary function,
430. Intellectualism professes to escape subjective standards in her
theological constructions, 433. “Dogmatic theology,” 436. Criticism of
its account of God’s attributes, 442. “Pragmatism” as a test of the value
of conceptions, 444. God’s metaphysical attributes have no practical
viii
CONTENTS
significance, 445. His moral attributes are proved by bad arguments;
collapse of systematic theology, 448. Does transcendental indealism fare
better? Its principles, 449. Quotations from John Caird, 450. They are
good as restatements of religious experience, but uncoercive as reasoned
proof, 453. What philosophy can do for religion by transforming herself
into “science of religions,” 455.
LECTURE XIX
O
THER
C
HARACTERISTICS
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354
Æsthetic elements in religion, 458. Contrast of Catholicism and
Protestantism, 461. Sacrifice and Confession, 462. Prayer, 463. Religion
holds that spiritual work is really effected in prayer, 465. Three degrees
of opinion as to what is effected, 467. First degree, 468. Second degree,
472. Third degree, 474. Automatisms, their frequency among religious
leaders, 478. Jewish cases, 479. Mohammed, 481. Joseph Smith, 482.
Religion and the subconscious region in general, 483.
LECTURE XX
C
ONCLUSIONS
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375
Summary of religious characteristics, 485. Men’s religions need not
be identical, 487. “The science of religions” can only suggest, not pro-
claim, a religious creed, 489. Is religion a “survival” of primitive thought?
490. Modern science rules out the concept of personality, 491. Anthro-
pomorphism and belief in the personal characterized pre-scientific
thought, 493. Personal forces are real, in spite of this, 498. Scientific
objects are abstractions, only individualized experiences are concrete,
498. Religion holds by the concrete, 500. Primarily religion is a biologi-
cal reaction, 504. Its simplest terms are an uneasiness and a deliverance;
description of the deliverance, 508. Question of the reality of the higher
power, 510. The author’s hypotheses: 1. The subconscious self as inter-
mediating between nature and the higher region, 511; 2. The higher
region, or “God,” 515; 3. He produces real effects in nature, 518.
P
OSTSCRIPT
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401
Philosophic position of the present work defined as piecemeal
supernaturalism, 520. Criticism of universalistic supernaturalism, 521.
Different principles must occasion differences in fact, 522. What differ-
ences in fact can God’s existence occasion? 523. The question of im-
mortality, 524. Question of God’s uniqueness and infinity: religious
experience does not settle this question in the affirmative, 525. The
pluralistic hypothesis is more conformed to common sense, 526.
I
NDEX
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407
CONTENTS
ix