Adau nun Elmi Əsə rl ə ri. G ə
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- ADAU- nun Elmi Əsə rl ə ri. G ə nc ə
- УДК 42 Грамматические категории и инфлексия Преподаватель английского языка Ф.Ф.Гулиева
- Literary career launched
- The Novels
ADAU- nun Elmi Əsə rl ə ri. G ə nc ə , 2016, № 1 179 REFERENCES 1. Jump up^ Joan Bybee "Irrealis" as a Grammatical Category. Anthropological Linguistics , Vol. 40, No. 2 (Summer, 1998), pp. 257-271 2. Jump up^ What is a grammatical category? - SIL.org 3. Jump up^ "grammatical category" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. P. H. Matthews. Oxford University Press, 2007. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Brown University. UOT42 Grammatik kateqoriyalar və infleksiya İngilis dili müəllimi F.F.Quliyeva Azərbaycan Dövlət Aqrar Universiteti XÜLASƏ Açar sözlər: qrammatik morfemlər, abstrakt, qrammatik kateqoriya, sayıla bilən, sayıla bilməyən Məqalədə İngilis dilində olan qrammatik kateqoriyalar haqqında bəhs olunur. Qrammatik kateqoriyalara aiddir: kəmiyyət kateqoriyası (tək və cəm), İngilis dilinə məxsus olan sayılabilən və sayılabilməyən isimlər kateqoriyası və başqaları. Bu kateqoriyaların köməyi ilə biz xarici dildə olan cümlənin mənasını düzgün anlaya bilirik. Qrammatik kateqoriyalar İngilis dilində olduğu kimi başqa dillərin qrammatikasında da mühüm yer tutur. Tədris prosesində “Qrammatik kateqoriya” mövzusuna mühüm yer ayırmaq lazımdır. УДК 42 Грамматические категории и инфлексия Преподаватель английского языка Ф.Ф.Гулиева Азербайджанский государственный аграрный университет РЕЗЮМЕ Ключевые слова: грамматические морфемы, абстрактный, грамматическая категория, исчисляемые, неисчисляемые В статье говорится о грамматических категориях, существующих в английском языке. К грамматическим категориям относятся: категория числа (единственное и множественное число), характерная только для английского языка категория исчисляемости и неисчисляемости и другие. При помощи этой категории мы можем правильно понять значение предложения на иностранном языке. Грамматическая категория занимает важное место не только в грамматике английского языка, но и в грамматике других языков. В процессе обучения важное внимание нужно уделять теме «Грамматические категории». apple and house) and the mass grammatical patterns to go with other nouns (such as rice and milk). Classifiers. We have seen three ways in which languages may divide the things that speakers talk about into two very general categories, on the basis of whether they are individuals or sets, on the basis of whether they are masses or objects, and on the basis of a single conceptual property (biological gender) that is extended more or less arbitrarily to cover all labeled categories of things. Another possibility, found in many languages, is a somewhat finer-grained grouping into a larger set of categories, each of which is still more general than the kind of category represented by a noun such as apple, baby, or paper. Each of these abstract categories is represented by a grammatical morpheme called a classifier. The most common basis for the classification of things appears to be shape, but it may also be based on orientation, animacy, function, or cardinality (for sets). ADAU- nun Elmi Əsə rl ə ri. G ə nc ə , 2016, № 1 180 UOT 42 WALTER SCOTT IS THE FATHER OF THE ENGLISH HISTORICAL NOVEL Teacher of English R.N.Suleymanova Azerbaijan State Agrarian University Key words: novel , historical literature ,historical characters ,compare of the ages In some ways Scott was the first author to have a truly international career in his lifetime, with many contemporary readers all over Great Britain, Ireland, Europe, Australia, and North America. His novels and (to a lesser extent) his poetry are still read, but he is far less popular no- wadays than he was at the height of his fame. Ne- vertheless many of his Works remain classics of English literature.Famous titles include The Heart Of Midlothian . Born in Edinburgh, Scotland in the family of a barrister in 1771, the son of a Scottish solici- tor, the young Walter Scott survived a childhood bout of polio that would leave him lame in his right leg for the rest of his life. To restore his he- alth he was sent to live for some years in the rural Scottish Borders region at his grandparents' farm at Sandyknowe. Here he learned the speech pat- terns and many of the tales and legends which characterized much of his work. Also, for his he- alth, he spent a year in Bath, England. After stud- ying law at the University of Edinburgh, he fol- lowed in his father's footsteps and became a law- yer in Edinburgh. As a lawyer's clerk he made his first visit to the Scottish Highlands directing an eviction. He was admitted advocate in 1792. He had an unsuccessful love suit with Williamina Belsches of Fettercairn, who married Sir William Forbesm [1, s. 74…75]. Literary career launched: At the age of 25 he began dabbling in writing, translating wor- ks from German, his first publication being rhymed versions of ballads by Burger in 1796. He then published a three-volume set of collected Scottish ballads, The Minstrelsy Of the Scottish Border . This was the first sign of his interest in Scotland and history from a literary standpoint. Scott then became an ardent volunteer in the yeomanry and on one of his "raids" he met at Gilsland Spa Margaret Charlotte Charpentier (or Charpenter), daughter of Jean Charpentier of Ly- on in France whom he married in 1797. They had three children. In 1799 he was appointed Sheriff- Depute of the county of Selkirkshire, based in the town of Selkirk. In his earlier married days, Scott had a de- cent living from the monies he earned at the law, his salary as Sheriff-Depute, his wife's icome, some revenue from his writing, and his share of his father's rather meagre estate. After Scott had founded a printing press, his poetry, beginning with The Lady Of the La- ke set in the Trossachs, portions of which (trans- lated into German) were set to music by Franz Schubert. One of these songs, Ellens dritter Gesa- ng, is popularly called "Schubert's Ave Maria". Another work from this time peri- od, Marmion , produced some of his most quoted (and most often mis-attributed) lines. Canto VI. Stanza 17 reads: Yet Clare's sharp questions must I shun, Must separate Constance from the nun Oh! what a tangled web we weave When first we practice to deceive! A Palmer too! No wonder why I felt re- buked beneath his eye; In 1809 his Tory sympathies led him to be- come a co-founder of the Quarterly Review, a re- view journal to which he made several anony- mous contributions [1, s. 76…79]. The Novels : When the press became em- broiled in pecuniary difficulties, Scott set out, in 1814, to write a cash-cow. The result was Waverley , a novel which did not name its author. It was a tale of the "Forty-Five" Jacobite rising in the United Kingdom with its English protagonist Edward Waverley, by his Tory up- bringing sympathetic to Jacobitism, becoming enmeshed in events but eventually choosing Hanoverian respectability. The novel met with considerable success. There followed a succes- sion of novels over the next five years, each with a Scottish historical setting. Mindful of his repu- tation as a poet, he maintained the anonymous habit he had begun with Waverley, always publishing the novels under the name "Author of Waverley" or attributed as "Tales of..." with no author. Even when it was clear that there would be no harm in coming out into the open he main- tained the facade, apparently out of a sense of fun. During this time the nickname "The Wizard of the North" was popularly applied to the mys- terious best-selling writer. His identity as the aut- hor of the novels was widely rumoured, and in Yüklə 139,92 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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