erih fromis socialur xasiaTTa tipologia
83
individTa garkveuli raodenoba, visi xasiaTis struqtura sa-
erTod ar ganicdis im ufro farTo nimuSebis, standartebis
gavlenas, romlebic saerToa mTeli jgufisTvis.
Tu mocemuli sazogadoebis wevrebis umravlesobis energia
miedineba erTi da imave mimarTulebiT, maSin maT erTi da igive
motivacia gaaCniaT, ufro metic, isini erTsa da imave ideebsa da
idealebs iTviseben.
erih fromis azriT, sazogadoebis, sxvadasxva klasisa da so-
cialuri jgufis wevrebi iZulebuli arian moiqcnen ise, rom
hqondeT socialuri sistemis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad funqci-
onirebis saSualeba. swored amaSia socialuri xasiaTis funqcia
— sazogadoebis wevrTa energia imgvarad Camoayalibos, rom qce-
vis normebisa da wesebis arCevis dros maT ar dasWirdeT, Segne-
bulad miiRon gadawyvetileba — saWiroa Tu ara, imoqmedon so-
cialuri nimuSebis Sesabamisad. socialuri xasiaTis funqciaa,
agreTve, rom adamianebs hqondeT survili, imoqmedon ise, ro-
gorc unda imoqmedon. amave dros, Zalian mniSvnelovania, adami-
anebi siamovnebas Rebulobdnen, rodesac moqmedeben mocemuli
kulturis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad. socialuri xasiaTis fun-
qcia aris is, rom Camoayalibos da warmarTos adamianis energia
mocemuli sazogadoebis SigniT, am sazogadoebis funqcionire-
bis gagrZelebis mizniT.
socialuri xasiaTi aris struqtura, romlis saSualebiTac
adamianuri energia specifikurad formirdeba. sazogadoeba
amas Tavis miznebisTvis iyenebs.
socialuri xasiaTi, agreTve, aris bazisi, romlis meSveobi-
Tac garkveuli ideebi da idealebi TavianT Zalasa da mimzidve-
lobas iZens.
e. fromi erTmaneTisgan mijnavs faqtorebs, romlebic, erTi
mxriv, pasuxismgebeli arian socialuri xasiaTis Sinaarsze da, meo-
re mxriv, im xerxebze (wesebze), romelTa saSualebiTac iqmneba so-
cialuri xasiaTi. sazogadoebis struqtura da masSi individis
funqcia gansazRvraven socialuri xasiaTis Sinaarss.
13
13
,
. (1992).
.
.
.
«
».
. 335.
naTela donaZe
84
mokled, mocemul sazogadoebaSi pirovnebisaTvis damaxasi-
aTebeli RirebulebiTi orientaciebis erTobliobas, garkveu-
li socialuri jgufisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli arsebiTi niSan-
Tvisebebis erTobliobas ewodeba socialuri xasiaTi. socialu-
ri xasiaTis struqtura gansazRvravs adamianebis ara marto
qcevebs, aramed maT azrebsa da ideebs. rac Seexeba individua-
lur xasiaTs, is iseTi saxis xasiaTia, romlis saSualebiT erTi
da imave kulturis warmomadgenlebi gansxvavdebian erTma-
neTisagan.
14
Tavis SromebSi e. fromi aanalizebs ara marto socialur xa-
siaTs, aramed sazogadoebasac, ZiriTadad, kapitalistur sazo-
gadoebas. igi aRniSnavs, rom TiToeul sazogadoebas gaaCnia
garkveuli struqtura da funqcionirebs garkveuli wesiT im
aucileblobis Sesabamisad, romelic ganpirobebulia mTeli ri-
gi obieqturi pirobebiT. e. fromi aseT pirobebad miiCnevs war-
moebis wess, politikur da geografiul faqtorebs, kulturul
tradiciebsa da im garegan gavlenebs, romlebsac sazogadoeba
ganicdis.
15
e. fromi marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom ar arsebobs sazogado-
eba zogadad, aris mxolod specifikuri socialuri struqture-
bi, romlebic moqmedeben garkveuli wesebis mixedviT. Tumca, es
socialuri struqturebi icvleba istoriuli ganviTarebis
msvlelobaSi, isini SedarebiT stabilurebi arian TiToeul mo-
cemul istoriul periodSi. TiToeuli sazogadoeba SeiZleba
arsebobdes, Tu is moqmedebs Tavisi specifikuri struqturis
farglebSi.
mecnieri erTmaneTs adarebs da aanalizebs XIX da XX sauku-
neebis sazogadoebebs. is zustad aRniSnavs, rom am saukuneebis
kapitalisturi sazogadoebebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba. XIX
saukuneSi kapitalisturi sazogadoebisaTvis ZiriTadad damaxa-
siaTebeli iyo kapitalis dagroveba. amis misaRwevad saWiro iyo
momWirneoba, disciplinis ganmtkiceba da stabiluroba, rasac
14
Fromm, E. (1963). The Sane Society. New York. p. 78.
15
,
. (1992).
.
.
.
«
».
. 330-331.
erih fromis socialur xasiaTTa tipologia
85
xels uwyobda avtoritaruloba sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
TiTqmis yvela sferoSi, rogoricaa: ojaxi, eklesia, mrewveloba,
saxelmwifo da sxv. aq ZiriTadad `dagrovebis orientaciis~ so-
cialuri xasiaTi arsebobs.
XX saukunisTvis damaxasiaTebelia `maSinizacia~, `kompiute-
rizacia~ da `robotizacia~. e. fromis azriT, teqnologiuri
ganviTareba altruizmis gareSe socialurad damangrevelia.
mecnierisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mkveTrad gamoxatuli anti-
teqnicizmi.
erih fromma Tavisi SromebiT (~Tavisuflebidan gaqceva~ —
`The Escape from Freedom~ — 1941, `daviwyebuli ena~ — “The Forgotten
Language~ — 1951, `gonieri sazogadoeba~ — `The Sane Society~ — 1955,
`siyvarulis xelovneba~ — “The Art of Loving~ — 1956, `iluziebis
tyveobidan~ — “Beyond the Chains of Illusion~ — 1962, `adamianis suli~
— `Die Seele des Menchen~ — 1964 da sxva) impulsi misca XX saukunis
humanistur azrovnebas. man Tavisi mecnieruli moRvaweobiT wa-
ruSleli kvali datova ara marto mis kolegebsa da mowafeebze,
aramed momdevno Taobis mecnierebzec.
bevri sociologi da fsiqologi (gansakuTrebiT, gamoCeni-
li amerikeli sociologi devid rismeni) samarTlianad miiCnevs,
rom maTi mecnieruli Sexedulebebi didadaa damokidebuli erih
fromis naazrevze, mis mier Camoyalibebul moZRvrebaze socia-
luri xasiaTisa da Tanamedrove kapitalisturi sazogadoebis
Sesaxeb.
socialur xasiaTs ganixilavdnen, agreTve, abram kardineri
(Abram Kardiner), margaret midi (Margaret Mead), ruT benediqti
(Ruth Benedict), gordon olporti (Gordon Allport) da sxv. a. kardine-
ri da r. lintoni terminis `socialuri xasiaTi~ nacvlad iyene-
ben cnebas `ZiriTadi pirovneba~, xolo gamoCenili amerikeli
sociologi a. inkelsi — cnebas `modaluri pirovneba~.
socialuri xasiaTis mecnierul analizs iZleva, agreTve,
gamoCenili amerikeli sociologi devid rismeni. igi aanalizebs
cnebebs `pirovneba~, `xasiaTi~ da `socialuri xasiaTi~ da aRniS-
navs, rom, roca laparakia `socialur xasiaTze~, aq ar igulis-
xmeba arc `pirovneba~ da arc `xasiaTi~. d. rismenis azriT, `soci-
aluri xasiaTi~ `xasiaTis~ is nawilia, romelsac iziareben mniS-
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