Smart ideas wise decisions
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- SocioBrains
- The central allegations in the ideology of nationalism are
- Typology of nationalisms
- 1. Тerritorial nationalisms
ISSN 2367-5721 SocioBrains INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC REFEREED INDEXED ONLINE JOURNAL WITH IMPACT FACTOR WWW. S OCIO B RAINS.COM PUBLISHER: “SMART IDEAS – WISE DECISIONS” Ltd., BULGARIA ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016
SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27
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individuals to a network of symbols and faith, emphasizing communality of membership in political conditions; nationalism is directed to mobilize the population through the establishment of the idea of a better future on specific characters such distant past, common traditions and language, religion, common identity and geographical location. Thus
of awareness by the public of its interests in the state. At the same time, ethnic identity lies in the relationship of an ethnic community with others. Ethnic groups are generally not tied to a specific territory and the nation is not necessarily based on the myths of common ancestry. Nationalism is a product of the modern era. The term nationalism was first used in the 70s of the XVIII century by the German philosopher JOHANN GOTTFRIED HERDER. Exactly when and where nationalism arises is difficult to determine, but its development is closely linked to that of the modern state and attempts to create nation-states. In the Middle Ages unifying links that connect into a whole disparate ethnic groups state religion and ethnic culture. Later form regional communities coinciding with certain geographical areas that have some political differentiation and specific to each cultural values.In these rapidly formed communities began to gradually emerging consciousness of belonging to a common group of people bound by a uniform and specific to each identity, which is the nascent nationalism. Nationalism is primarily a political principle that politicheksta and national unit should match. It is a theory of political legitimacy that requires ethnic boundaries do not conflict with political - and more - special case - ethnic boundaries within a country does not divide powerful than the others, if in the common formulation principle formally excluded. The term nationalism is used differently. It can mean the whole process of planting and maintaining the nation and the nation state; awareness of belonging to the nation, along with the feelings and aspirations of its security and prosperity; language and symbolism of "nation" and its role; ideology, which includes cultural doctrine of nations and national will and recommendations on how to realize national aspirations and national will; social and political movement to realize the goals of the nation and implementation of the national will. The central allegations in the ideology of nationalism are: The world is divided into nations that have their own personality, history and destiny; The nation is the source of all political and social power, and loyalty to the nation is higher than any other loyalty; If you want to be free and to realize human beings must be identified with any nation; In order to have lasting peace and justice in the world, nations should be free and secure. Nationalism is the ideology of the nation, not the state. He is interested above all of the nation and its description of the world and its recommendations for collective action apply only to the nation and its members. The idea that the nation can be free only if it has its own independent state is neither compulsory nor universal. Not necessarily every nationalist movement declare a priority the establishment of their own state. It should be noted and called irredentist nationalisms, do not yet have their own state (and probably will never have), but struggled for obtaining such and therefore have a legitimate reason to be included in the number of actual, not just potential nationalisms.
political movement for the annexation of foreign territories to supposedly one-nation state. From XIX c. There has been a most successful in Europe.
ISSN 2367-5721 SocioBrains INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC REFEREED INDEXED ONLINE JOURNAL WITH IMPACT FACTOR WWW. S OCIO B RAINS.COM PUBLISHER: “SMART IDEAS – WISE DECISIONS” Ltd., BULGARIA ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016
SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27
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The creation and maintenance of national solidarity nationalists seek to establish objective links between nationality and state building. National solidarity is based mainly on religious or linguistic homogeneity, community population of existing or historical areas and natural division of physical geography. These cultural traits of nationalism have always been associated with the political state, in terms of both striving for independence or change the status quo and simply legitimize the government defend the national interest. The number of potential nationalities in the world today is greater than the number of autonomous political units. In various neoretichni sources noted that the number of independent political units in Europe declined from about 500 in 1500 to the year to just 25 in 1900's. Ernest Gellner creates Typology of nationalisms through the introduction of three factors: government, education and common shared culture. It offers 8 scenarios constructed by model. Five of them are, so to speak, nenatsionalisticheski, 4 of them are because there is no cultural differentiation and 2 - because it never raises the question of access to centrally sustained high culture. So are formulated with 3 forms of nationalism: 1. Classic "Habsburg" form of nationalism – It has its eastern and southern features. In this form in power have privileged access to the central high culture, which is actually their own culture, but also to the whole range of ways to cope in modern conditions. The powerless are deprived of education.This model has been applied in various locations around the world, sometimes with significant changes in the form of t. Pomegranate. African (although it was applicable not only in Africa) type that occurs when local folk cultures are not able to become new high culture of newly born country - because they are too numerous or too jealous to each other or for any other reason. 2. Classical liberal Western nationalism. Historical reality on which this model corresponds are unifying nationalism in Italy and Germany in the XIX century. Most Italians are managed by foreigners and therefore politically disadvantaged. The majority of Germans living in fragmented states, many of them small and weak at least by the standards of a great European power, and therefore unable to provide German culture as a centralized modern environment suitable political roof. So the political protection of Italian and German culture is an insult themselves Italians and Germans, apparently weaker than the one that provided the countries concerned as the French or English culture. But in terms of access to education opportunities provided by these two tall crops for those born within their language dialect variations actually never been smaller. 3. Nationalism of the Diaspora. As historical fact it is a separate, very obvious and very important kind of nationalism. Diaspora (from Greek: διαζπορά - displacement). It is a term meaning a distinct ethnic community living permanently outside during their historic homeland. The primary use is to indicate the Greek population and communities overseas ancient Greek city-states. Nationalisms of Dysport are related to the fact that people there have preserved remnants of some old territory, have the same, but not quite as acute problems. Their biggest fear of assimilation alternative makes supporters of nationalism to embrace in this situation their cause. Outside typology E. Gellner can be built conditional typology of nationalisms about
situation in which specific communities and movements are both before and after independence. From this follow:
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