Smart ideas wise decisions

Yüklə 0,85 Mb.

Pdf görüntüsü

səhifə	12/12
tarix	26.08.2018
ölçüsü	0,85 Mb.
	#64924

1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

ISSN 2367-5721

SocioBrains

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC REFEREED INDEXED ONLINE JOURNAL WITH IMPACT FACTOR

WWW.

S

OCIO

B

RAINS.COM

PUBLISHER: “SMART IDEAS – WISE DECISIONS” Ltd., BULGARIA

ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016

SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27

National interests are long-term or short-term priorities of the nation and the state,

different in different historical periods of existence and development. Striving for their timely

and full settlement favors the winery and the nation. In this context, the current priorities for

the Bulgarian nation are aimed at: 1.National security; 2. Health and reproduction of the

nation; 3. National education and upbringing; 4. Development of Science; 5. Development of

culture and maintain the spiritual unity of the nation; 6. Development of national production;

7. Development the national economy; 8.ekologiya and reproduction of Bulgarian nature; 9.

Development of energy; 10. Development infrastructure.

May be mentioned various examples of national interest, such as its dominant theory of

stability, the United States expanded his concept of national interest, including maintaining

open sea lanes, as well as maintaining and expanding free trade.

Patriotism

In etymology, terminological aspect patriotism means love, love of country and the

desire to protect its – from Greek Παηπιώηηρ - compatriot and παηπίρ - homeland.Patriotism

includes: 1. a strong attachment to their own country; 2. sense of personal identification with

the country; 3. The personal care for the welfare of the country; 4. willingness to sacrifice

associated good of the country.

Patriotism is a moral and political principle, social feeling associated with subordination

of personal interests for the sake of the people and their homeland. His historical source

comes from centuries of strengthening economies and this attachment to his native land,

traditions and language.

Historical patriotism was born during the polis organization of society. In ancient

Greece the concept politeyya means belonging to the polis, the city - state saobshtonsto

between citizens, ie citizenship. Polis organization involves high demands on every citizen.

Ancient Rome gives Polis patriotism peculiar pathos. Rome and Roman citizenship to

the Romans core values. The dignity of citizens associated with subordinated to the interests

of Rome. All feats of Roman citizens are dedicated to the greatness of his native city.

During the Middle Ages, when there is feudal fragmentation of territories sense of

patriotism correlates with the love of his native land. In terms of the domination of religious

worldview patriotic feelings are aggravated at protecting the faith.

Only in the early Modern Age when starting the formation of the modern centralized

states, patriotism is filled with contents. In periods of bourgeois revolutions concepts of

"homeland" and "patriotism" are penetrated by the spirit of constitutionalism, citizenship,

human rights protection.

Currently can distinguish basically two types of patriotism:

1.

Personal patriotism. He is emotional and voluntary. Patriot adheres to certain patriotic

values such as respect for the flag of their homeland or honoring veterans of the society.

Other forms of personal patriotism today participation in the political process through

voting or other forms of civic activism.

2.

Official patriotism. Encouraged by governments and has a high symbolic and

ceremonial content. This stems from the logic that the state is an expression of the

common good of the political community. The official patriotism relies heavily on

simvochini acts as preslonenei to the state flag, singing the national anthem, solemn

ceremonies of remembrance or even placing a patriotic stickers on vehicles. It has the

following varieties: Patriotism during the war - a formal and symbolic Cleaners

ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016

SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27

increases the morale of the army in order to crown the military efforts of the state with

success; Patriotism in peacetime - measured excellence in favor of the welfare state.

Levels of patriotism vary both in time and according to the nature of political neurs.

Usually patriotic intensity is higher when the state is under external threat.

In the scientific literature are described and called pseudo patriotism - bogus, false

patriotism:

For example, in Russia talk about leavened patriotism. The name comes from the

favorite drink of Russians - leaven, which is made from bread with malt and fruit and

vegetables.

This is the ironic name of psevdopatriotite. This concept also expresses infinite love for

all native, stubborn, foolish commitment to detail national life. It should be noted that in each

country there are things elevations represented by its characters predizvisvat similar leavened

patriotism: in Terme - beer and sausages; England - pudding; Finland - sauna, etc.

Such patriotism in France is called menial patriotism.

In Bulgaria pseudo patriotism is called the concept of patriotism lie. The best content is

revealed by the great poet and revolutionary HRISTO BOTEV in the poem his "Patriot" under

the pressure of strong hatred for those Bulgarians who use the patriotic feelings of the people

for their own personal, mercenary purposes, posing as true patriots. Lying patriot pretending

to be a patriot, ready to give his life for the people and the people's cause, however just words,

but when you have to make a sacrifice - it will do the people; passes for a good Christian and

regularly attends church, but uses it to trade; shown mercy on the poor of the people, while at

the same time exploit them. At this time revealing the true face of lazhepatriota (a common

type in the era of natsionalnorevolyutsionnite rebounds) Botev achieves its full denial.

Chauvinism

The  chauvinism  can  be  defined  as  exaggerated  patriotism,  extreme  nationalism,

national  hatred  and  smug  irrational  belief  in  the  superiority  of  their  own  race,  party  and

others. conjure up enmity or hatred between peoples.

The concept appeared in 1831 in the play brothers I. and T. Grooming "tri-color

cockade", where the image of the character N. Chauvet is borrowed from the real personality

of the same name - a veteran of Napoleon's army.Without considering the unpopularity of

Bonapartism during the Bourbon restoration Chauvet remains an outspoken supporter of the

deposed emperor Napoleon Bonaparte wearing lapel constantly violets in his honor. He

remained fanatically loyal to Napoleon, regardless of poverty and insults. Emperor is

worshiped and was always ready to fight on his side.

Later, in 1935 it appears the notion male chauvinism associated with the belief that the

male sex is better and inteleginetne of women. And in 1960, the term "chauvinist" appears in

the movement for women's liberation; it applies to men who refuse to see women as equals.

According to HANNAH ARENDT, chauvinism is almost a natural result of national

perception insofar as it derives directly from the old idea of "national mission" ... The mission

of the nation can accurately be interpreted as an elucidation of other, more unfortunate people

who, for whatever reason miraculously been left by history without a national mission. As

long as this view does not break out in chauvinist ideology and to remain relatively vague

realm of national or even nationalistic pride, it often results in a well-developed sense of

responsibility for the welfare of backward peoples.

Great state chauvinism. It occupies an important place in the ideology and politics of

countries claiming to be superior nation. The greatest expression has this phenomenon during

ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016

SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27

colonial empires. Enslaved peoples were enslaved and declared "second grade" and are

discriminated against in economic, political and cultural terms.

Superpower chauvinism, and chauvinism each is characterized by incitement of enmity

and hatred between peoples as well, persecution and harassment of individuals of different

nationalities.For example, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the

Russian Empire, the dominant policy was to conduct superpower chauvinism in terms of

living on them numerous nations.

Militant carrier of superpower chauvinism is German fascism, which during the Second

World War in 1939 - 1945 has considered the Germans for superior race that is called to stand

above all nations of the world, while trying to destroy many other nations - Jews, Poles,

Russians and others.

Chauvinism has different incarnations at different places of the world map, but the most

popular ones are listed below.

Jingoism. This type of chauvinism is manifested in the form of an aggressive foreign

policy. Jingoism (from English: jingoism) is chauvinistic nationalism in England. It is

characterized by propaganda and incitement expansion of a nationwide feuds. In practice this

means using threats or force potiv other countries to protect themselves understood their

interests natsiyata.Spored some interpretations - and protection of God himself.

The term came into operation in the UK during the Russian - Turkish war of 1877 -

1878, the War of Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. In Turkish waters English

squadrons are trying to counteract the movement of Russian troops and amplifies chauvinistic

sentiment among the British. The expression by Jingo is part of the refrain of a popular at that

time soldier's song. Later Jingoism appears as a term in the American press in 1893

Perhaps the first applications of the term in the US press may arise in connection with

the proposed annexation of Hawaii in 1893 after a coup led by resident foreigners, mostly

Americans and assisted by the US ambassador in Hawaii.

Zionism. In 1897 Austrian journalist Theodor Herzl founded this chauvinistic

movement. The Zionism (from Hebrew: תונויצ — tsiyonut) is a form of nationalism of Jews

and Jewish culture that supports the idea of a Jewish nation-state territory, defined as the Land

of Israel. The word "Zionism" derives from Mount Zion, one of the ancient names of

Jerusalem, established by King David. In a softened version Zionism can be interpreted as

strict service of Israeli interests. Its real purpose, however, are not covered by this "humane"

mission. It is known that besides rasovatoto superiority Zionists accepted "holy land" of

Jewish belonging given to them by God. This is where the influence of Judaism and the

various interpretations of the rabbis.Interpretations of the scale of these lands are varied, but

in all versions include large areas of around and outside Israel. As a "Jewish" State of Israel is

a logical starting point for Zionism as an ideology.

Serbian chauvinism.It aims at building a new pan state based on former Dushanova

State (Empire) survived 25 years in the XIV c. As one of the strongest countries in the

Balkans and one of the largest countries in Evropa.Tya is svoeobrazenpredhodnik existing

several decades in XX c. Yugoslavia.The self-proclaimed king Stefan Dusan declares ruler of

Serbs, Greeks and Bulgarians, and their lands. According to Serbian chauvinism South Slavic

ethnic groups are Serbo Slovenian, Serbo Croats, Serbs and Macedonians Serbo

Bulgarians.The ideology of sarboshovinizma became state policy of Serbia during the rule of

Slobodan Milosevic is basically a bloody wars led to the breakup of Yugoslavia.

Greek chauvinism - Megale Idea. Greek chauvinism has its expression in the so-

called Megale Idea – from Greek Μεγάλη Ιδέα- The great, the big idea. This is the dream of

ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016

SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27

Greeks to be restored Eastern Roman Empire - Byzantium as a Greek nation-state.This idea

stems from the middle of XIX century. When in a speech to the Greek Parliament Ioannis

Koletis outlines its basic parameters. But this dream has its genesis more with the capture of

Constantinople by the Turks in the XV century.

Great Idea Greece opposes not only the Ottoman Empire and the forces that hold its

entirety. She opposed the Greeks and most Balkan nations aspiring to their own national

states. This idea gave birth to the Greek megalomaniac national stereotype, evidenced by the

sense of superiority over other neighboring nations based on the greatness of Ancient Greece

and the Byzantine Empire.

REFERENCES

Adzhemoglu, D., Robinson, D., A., 2013: Zashto natsiite se provlyat? Kude sa korenite

na silata, prosperiteta I bednostta. Izd. Ïztok-Zapad”, Sofia, 2013

Karavelikova, D., 2015: Proizhod na bulgarite spored DNK izsledvaniyata, razraboten

material spetsialno za saita:

www.rodenkrai.com

; Accessed on 06.01-2015

Prebroyavane 2011 /okonchatelni danni/, Natsionalen statisticheski institut,

http://www.nsi.bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/Census2011final.pdf

Hobsbom, E., 1996: Natsii I natsionalizum ot 1780 do dnes: Programa, mit, realnost. Izd.

Öbsidian”, Sofia, 1996

Anderson, J., 1986: Nationalism and Geography, IN: The Rise the Modern State,

Britghon, Harvester press, 1986

Arendt, H., 1945: Imperialism, Nationalism, Chauvinism, The Review of Politics 7 (4):

457, October 1945

Barth, F., ed. 1969: Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural

Difference; Eric Wolf, Europe and the People Without History, 1982

Bar-Tal, D. and E. Staub, 1999: Patriotism, Wadsworth Publishing, 1999

Beinart, W., Dubow, S., (Hrsg.) 1995: Segregation and Apartheid in Twentieth-Century

South-Africa. Routledge, London 1995

10.

Bell-Fialkoff, А., 1993: A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing, Foreign Affairs 72 (3): 110,

Summer, 1993

11.

Berenbaum, M., & Peck, Abraham, J., 1998: The Holocaust and History: The Known,

the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined, Bloomington, 1998

12.

Eriksen, T.H., 2001: Ethnic identity, national identity and intergroup conflict: The

significance of personal experiences" in Ashmore, Jussim, Wilder (eds.): Social identity,

intergroup conflict, and conflict reduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001

13.

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,

http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/cedaw.pdf

14.

Giddens, А., 1985: The Nation-State and Violence: Volume Two of a Contemporary

Critique of Capitalism, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985

15.

Korda, М., 1973: Male Chauvinism! How It Works. New York, Random House, 1973

16.

Levene, М., 2005: Genocide in the Age of the Nation-State , IBTauris,London, 2005

17.

Mamdani, M., 2002: Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide

in Rwanda. Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ. 08540, 2002

18.

Mullan, B., M. Garry, 1998: Zoo culture: The book about watching people watch

animals, University of Illinois Press, Second edition, 1998

ISSUE 22, JUNE 2016

SONYA ILIEVA 1 - 27

19.

Smith, A.D., 1987: The Ethnic Origins of Nations, Blackwell, 1987

20.

Schaefer, R., 2008: Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Society, 2008

21.

UN, International Convention on the Elimination of All of Racial Discrimination, New

York, 7 March 1966

22.

Viroli, M., 1997: For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism. Oxford

University Press, 1997

Yüklə 0,85 Mb.

Dostları ilə paylaş:

1 ... 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12