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stranska pot • o leeju de forestu in njegovi neverjetni elektronki

          1. Public Broadcasting System, »A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Lee de Fo rest«, brez datuma, www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btfore.html. Za odličen pregled de Forestove zgodnje kariere in dosežkov glej Hugh G. J. Aitken, The Continous Wave: Tech- nology and American Radio, 1900-1932 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985), 162-249. Za de Forestov pogled na njegovo življenje glej Father of the Radio: The Autobio- graphy ofLee de Forest (Chicago: Wilcox & Follett, 1950).

          2. Aitken, Continuous Wave, 217.

          3. Lee de Forest, »Dawn of the Electronic Age«, Popular Mechanics, januar 1952.

Pet Najbolj splošen medij

            1. Andrew Hodges, »Alan Turing«, v The Stanford Encyclopedia of*Philosophy, izd. jesen 2008, ur. Edward N. Zalta, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2008/entries/turing.

            2. Alan Turing, »On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungspro- blem«, Proceedings ofthe London Mathematical Society, 42, št. 1 (1937): 230-65.

            3. Alan Turing, »Computing Machinery and Intelligence«, Mind, 59 (oktober 1950): 433-60.

            4. George B. Dyson, Darwin among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence (New York: Addison-Wesley, 1997), 40.

            5. Nicholas G. Carr, Does ITMatter? (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2004), 79.

            6. K. G. Coffman in A. M. Odlyzko, »Growth of the Internet«, monografija AT&T Labs, 6. julij 2001, www.dtc.umn.edu/%7Eodlyzko/doc/oft.internet.growth.pdf.

■ : 7 Forrester Research, »Consumers' Behavior Online: A 2007 Deep Dive«, 18. april 2008, ^vW.forrester,com/Research/Document/0,7211,45266,00.html.

. 8 Forrester Research, »Consumers' Behavior Online: A 2007 Deep Dive«, 27. julij 2009, Wv^w.forrester.com/Research/Document/O,7211,54327,00.html.



              1. Nielsen Company, »Time Spent Online among Kids Increases 63 Percent in the Last Five Years, According to Nielsen«, sporočilo za javnost, 6. julij 2009, www.nielsen-online.com/pr/ pr_090706.pdf.

              2. Forrester Research, »A Deep Dive into European Consumers' Online Behavior, 2009«, 13. avgust 2009, www.forrester.com/Research/Document/0,7211,54524,00.html.

11TNS Global, »Digital VVbrld, Digital Life«, december 2008, www.tnsglobal.com/_assets/ fiies/TNS_Market_Research_Digital_World_Digital_Life.pdf.

                1. Nielsen Company, »Texting Now more Popular than Calling«, sporočilo za javnost, 22. september 2008, www.nieIsenmobile.com/html/press%20releases/TextsVersusCalls.html; Eric Zeman, »U.S. Teens Sent 2,272 Text Messages per Month in 4Q08«, spletni dnevnik OvertheAir (InformationWeek), 26. maj 2009, www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archi- ves/2009/05/us_teens„sent_2.html.

                2. Steven Cherry, »thx 4 the revnu«, IEEE Spectrum, oktober 2008.

                3. Sara Rimer, »Play with Your Food, Just Don t Text!«, New York Times, 26. maj 2009.

                4. Nielsen Company, »A2/M2 Three Screen Report: lst Quarter 2009«, 20. maj 2009, http://bIog. nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/nielsen_thereescreenreport_ql09.pdf.

                5. Forrester Research, »How European Teens Consume Media«, 4. december 2009, www. forrester.eom/rb/Research/how_european_teens_consume_media/q/id/53763/t/2.

                6. Heidi Dawley, »Time-wise, Internet Is Now TVs Equal«, Media Life, 1. februar 2006.

13 Council for Research Excellence, »The Video Consumer Mapping Study«, 26. marec 2009, www.researchexcellence.com/vcm_overview.pdf.

19 Ameriški urad za statistiko dela, »American Time Use Survey«, 2004-2008, www.bls. gov/tus/.

20Noreen 0'Leary, »Welcome to My World«,Adweek, 17. november 2008.

                  1. Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, kritična izd., ur. W. Terrence Gordon (Corte Madera, CA: Ginko, 2003), 237.

                  2. Anne Mangen, »Hypertext Fiction Reading: Haptics and Immersion«, Journal of Research in Reading, 31, št. 4 (2008): 404-19.

                  3. Cory Doctorow, »Writing in the Age of Distraction«, Locus, januar 2009.

                  4. Ben Sisario, »Music Sales Fell in 2008, but Climbed on the Web«, New York Times, 31. december 2008.

                  5. Ronald Grover, »Hollywood Is Worried as DVD Sales Slow«, BusinessWeek, 19. februar 2009; Richard Corliss, »Why Netflix Stinks«, Time, 10. avgust 2009.

                  6. Chrystal Szeto, »U.S. Greeting Cards and Postcards«, Pitney Bowes Background Paper No. 20, 21. november 2005, www.postinsight.com/files/Nov21_Greeting Cards_Final.pdf.

                  7. Brigid Schulte, »So Long, Snail Shells«, Washington Post, 25. julij 2009.

                  8. Scott Jaschik, »Farewell to the Printed Monograph«, Inside Higher Ed, 23. marec 2009, vww.insidehighered.com/news/2009/03/23/Michigan.

                  9. Arnold Schwarzenegger, »Digital Textbooks Can Save Money, Improve Learning«, Mer- cury News, 7. junij 2009.

                  10. Tim Arango, »Fall in Newspaper Sales Accelerates to Pass 7%«, New York Times 27 april 2009. ' '

                  11. David Cook, »Monitor Shifts from Print to Web-Based Strategy«, Christian Science Afc nitor, 28. oktober 2008.

                  12. Tom Hali, »cWe Will Never Launch Another Paper'«, PrintWeek, 20- februar 2009, vnvw printweek.com/news/881913/We-will4aunch-paper.

                  13. Tyler Cowen, Create Your Own Economy (New York: Dutton, 2009), 43.

                  14. Michael Scherer, »Does Size Matter?«, Columbia Journalism Review, november/december 2002.

                  15. Navedeno v Carl R. Ramey, Mass Media Unleashed (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Little- field, 2007), 123.

                  16. Jack Shafer, »The Times' New Welcome Mat«, Slate, 1. april 2008, www.slate.com/ id/2187884.

                  17. Kathleen Deveny, »Reinventing Newsweek«, Newsweek, 18. maj 2009.

                  18. Carl DiOrio, »Warners Teams with Facebook for 'Watchmen'«, Hollywood Reporter

11. maj 2009, www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i4b5caa365ad73b3a-

32b7e201b5eae9c0.



                  1. Sarah McBride, »The Way We 11 Watch«, Watt Street Journal, 8. december 2008.

                  2. Dave ItzkofF, »A Different Tweet in Beethovens 'Partoral'«, New York Times, 24. julij 2009.

                  3. Stephanie Clifford, »Texting at a Symphony? Yes, but Only to Select an Encore«, Neiv York Times, 15. maj 2009.

                  4. Pri dodajanju družbenega mreženja k mašam daje zgled Westwinds Community Church v Jacksonu, ki jo obiskuje okoli devetsto ljudi. Med mašami zbrani pošiljajo sporočila prek strani Twitter, njihova sporočila pa se prikažejo tudi na velikanskih video zaslonih. Eno od sporočil, poslanih med mašo leta 2009, je bilo, kot poroča revija Time: »Sredi vsega tega težko prepoznam Boga.« Bonnie Rochman, »Twittering in Church«, Time, 1. junij 2009.

                  5. Cbrystia Freeland, »View from the Top: Eric Schmidt of Google«, Financial Times, 21. maj 2009.

                  6. John Carlo Bertot, Charles R. McClure, Carla B. Wright idr., »Public Libraries and the Internet 2008: Study Results and Findings«, Information Institute of the Florida State Universi- ty College of Information, 2008; American Library Association, »Libraries Connect Commu- nities: Public Library Funding & Technology Access Study 2008-2009«, 25. september 2009, www.ala.org/ala/research/initiatives/plftas/2008_2009/librariesconn ectcommunities3.pdf.

                  7. Scott Corwin, Elisabeth Hartley in Harry Hawkes, »The Library R^booted«, Strategy & Business, pomlad 2009.

Šest Sama podoba knjige

                    1. Ting-i Tsai in Geoffrey A. Fowler, »Race Heats Up to Supply E-Reader Screens«, Wall Street Journal, 29. december 2009.

Motoko Rich, »Steal This Book (for $9.99)«, New York Times, 16. maj 2009; Brad Stone, »Best Buy and Verizon Jump into E-Reader Fray«, New York Times, 22. september 2009; Brad

5tone in Motoko Rich, »Turning Page, E-Books Start to Take Hold«, New York Times, 23.



december 2008.

                    1. Jacob Weisberg, »Curling Up with a Good Screen«, Newsweek, 30. marec 2009. Poudarek je v izvirniku.

                    2. Charles McGrath, »By-the-Book Reader Meets the Kindle«, New York Times, 29. maj 2009.

                    3. L. Gordon Crovitz, »The Digital Future ofBooks«, Wall Street Journal, 19. maj 2008.

                    4. Debbie Stier, »Are We Having the Wrong Conversation about EBook Pricing?«, spletni dnevnik HarperStudio, 26. februar 2009, http://theharperstudio.eom/2009/02/are-we-ha- vjng-the-wrong-conversation-about-ebook-pricing.

                    5. Steven Johnson, »How the E-Book Will Change the Way We Read and Write«, Wall Street Journal, 20. april 2009.

                    6. Christine Rosen, »People of the Screen«, New Atlantis, jesen 2008.

                    7. David A. Bell, »The Booldess Future: What the Internet Is Doing to Scholarship«, New Republic, 2. maj 2005.

                    8. John Updike, »The End of Authorship«, New York Times Sunday Book Review, 25. junij 2006.

                    9. Norimitsu Onishi, »Thumbs Race as Japaris Best Sellers Go Cellular«, New York Times, 20. januar 2008. Glej tudi Dana Goodyear, »I V Novels«, New Yorker, 22. december 2008.

                    10. Tim 0'Reilly, »Reinventing the Book in the Age of the Web«, spletni dnevnik 0'Reilly Radar, 29. april 2009, http://radar.oreilly.com/2009/04/reinventing-the-book-age-of-web. html.

                    11. Motoko Rich, »Curling Up with Hybrid Books, Videos Included«, New York Times, 30. september 2009.

                    12. Johnson, »How the E-Book Will Change«.

                    13. Andrew Richard Albanese, »Q&A: The Social Life of Books«, Library Journal, 15. maj 2006.

                    14. Kevin Kelly, »Scan this Book!«, New York Times Magazine, 14. maj 2006.

                    15. Caleb Crain, »How Is The Internet Changing Literary Style?«, spletni dnevnik Steam- boats Are Ruining Everything, 17. junij 2008, www.steamthing.com/2008/06/how-is-the-inte. html.

                    16. Nekateri lastniki Kindla so dobili presenetljivo lekcijo o nestanovitnosti digitalnega besedila, ko so se 17. junija 2009 zbudili in odkrili, da sta elektronski različici knjig 1984 in Živalska farma Georgea Orwella, ki so ju kupili prek Amazon.com, z njihovih naprav izginili. Izkazalo se je, da so pri Amazonu izbrisali knjigi iz Kindlov strank, saj so ugotovili, da izdaja ni bila uradno odobrena.

                    17. Doslej so se skrbi glede vpliva digitalnih medijev na jezik osredotočale na krajšave in smeškote, ki jih otroci uporabljajo pri takojšnjem sporočanju in SMS-sporočilih. A takšno spakovanje se bo verjetno izkazalo za nenevarno, tako kot najnovejša muha v dolgi zgodovini pogovornega jezika. Odrasle bi moralo bolj skrbeti to, kako se spreminjajo njihove lastne sposobnosti pisanja. Se njihovo besedišče krči ali postaja vse bolj obrabljeno? Postaja njihova skladnja manj prilagodljiva in bolj šablonska? Takšna vprašanja so pomembna pri ocenjevanju dolgoročnih vplivov interneta na obseg in izraznost jezika.

                    18. Wendy Griswold, Terry McDonnell in Nathan Wright, »Reading and the Reading Class

in the Twenty-First Century«, Annual Review of Sociology, 31 (2005): 127-41. Glej tudi Caleb Crain, »Twilight of the Books«, New Yorker, 24. december 2007.

                    1. Steven Levy, »The Future of Reading«, Newsweek, 26. november 2007.

                    2. Alphonse de Lamartine, Ouvres Diverses (Brussels: Louis Haumann, 1836), 106-7 V angleščino prev. avtor.

                    3. Philip G. Hubert, »The New Talking Machines«, Atlantic Monthly, februar 1889.

                    4. Edward Bellamy, »With the Eyes Wide Shut«, Harpers, oktober 1889.

                    5. Octave Uzanne, »The End of Books«, Scribners Magazine, avgust 1894.

                    6. George Steiner, »Ex Libris«, New Yorker, 17. marec 1997.

                    7. Mark Federman, »Why Johnnv and Janey Cant Read, and Why Mr. and Mrs. Smith Can t Teach: The Challenge of Multiple Media Literacies in a Tumultuous Time«, brez datuma, http://individual.utoronto.ca/markfederman/WhyJohnnyandJaneyCantRead.pdf.

                    8. Clay Shirky, »Why Abundance Is Good: A Reply to Nick Carr«, Bncyclopaedia Bri-

tannica Blog, 17. julij 2008, www.britannica.com/blogs/2008/07/why-abundance-is-good-a-

reply-to-nick-carr.



                    1. Alberto Manguel, The Library at Night (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 218.

                    2. David M. Levy, Scrolling Forward: Making Sense ofDocuments in the Digital Age (New York: Arcade, 2001), 101-2.

Sedem Žonglerjevi možgani

  1. Katie Hafner, »Texting May Be Taking a Toll«, New York Times, 25. maj 2009.

  2. Torkel Klingberg, The Overflowing Brain: Information Overload and the Limits ofWork- ingMemory, v angl. prevedel Neil Betteridge (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 166-67.

  3. Ap Dijksterhuis, »Think Different: The Merits of Unconscious Thought in Preference Development and Decision Making«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, št. 5 (2004): 586-98.

  4. Marten W. Bos, Ap Dijksterhuis in Rick B. van Baaren, »On the Goal-Dependency of Unconscious Thought«, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44 (2008): 1114-20.

  5. Stefanie Olsen, »AreWeGettingSmarterorDumber?«, CNETNews, 21. september 2005, http://news.cnet.con/Are-we-getting-smarter-or-dumber/2008-1008_3-5875404-html.

  6. Michael Merzenich, »Going Googly«, spletni dnevnik On the Brain, 11. avgust 2008, http://merzenich.positscience.com/?p=177. *

  7. Gary Small in Gigi Vorgan, iBrain: Surviving the Technological Alternation ofthe Modem Mind (New York: Collins, 2008), 1.

  8. G. W. Small, T. D. Moody, P. Siddarth in S. Y, Bookheimer, »Your Brain on Google: Pat- terns of Cerebral Activation during Internet Searching«, American Journal of Geriatric Psy- chiatry, 17, št. 2 (februar 2009): 116-26. Glej tudi Rachel Champeau, »UCLA Study Finds That Searching the Internet Increases Brain Function«, UCLA Newsroom, 14. oktober 2008, http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/ucla-study-finds-that-searching-64348.aspx.

  9. Small in Vorgan, iBrain, 16-17.

  10. Maryanne Wolf, intervju z avtorjem, 28. marec 2008.

: 11 Steven Johnson, Everything Bad Is Goodfor You: How Today's Popular Culture Is Actually ^jcing Us Smarter (New York: Riverhead Books, 2005), 19.

    1. John Sweller, Instructional Design in Technical Areas (Camberwell, Australia: Australian Coiincil for Educational Research, 1999), 4.

    2. Prav tam, 7.

    3. Prav tam.

!5 Prav tam, 11.

      1. Prav tam, 4-5. Za širok pregled današnjega pogleda o omejitvah delovnega spomina glej 0son Cowan, Working Memory Capacity (New York: Psychology Press, 2005).

      2. Klingberg, Overflowing Brain, 39 in 72-75.

      3. Sweller, Instructional Design, 22.

      4. George Landow in Paul Delany, »Hypertext, Hypermedia and Literary Studies: The State of the Art«, v. Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality, ur. Randall Packer in Ken Jordan (New York: Norton, 2001), 206-16.

      5. Jean-Francois Rouet in Jarmo J. Levonen, »Studying and Learning with Hypertext: Em- pirical Studies and Their Implications«, v: Hypertext and Cognition, ur. Jean-Francois Rouet, Jarmo J. Levonen, Andrew Dillon in Rand J. Spiro (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1996), 16-20.

      6. David S. Miall in Teresa Dobson, »Reading Hypertext and the Experience of Literature«, Journal of Digital Information, 2, št. 1 (13. avgust 2001).

      7. D. S. Niederhauser, R. £. Reynolds, D. J. Salmen in P. Skolmoski, »The Influence of Cognitive Load on Learning from Hypertext«, Journal of Educational Computing Research, 23, it 3 (2000): 237-55.

      8. Erping Zhu, »Hypermedia Interface Design: The Effects of Number of Links and Granularity of Nodes«, Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 8, št. 3 (1999): 331-58.

      9. Diana DeStefano in Jo-Anne LeFevre, »Cognitive Load in Hypertext Reading: A Re- view«, Computers in Human Behavior, 23, št. 3 (maj 2007): 1616-41. Članek je bil izvirno objavljen na spletu 30. septembra 2005.

      10. Steven C. Rockwell in Loy A. Singleton, »The Effect on the Modality of Presentation ofStreaming Multimedia on Information Acquisition«, Media Psychology, 9 (2007): 179-91.

      11. Helene Hembrooke in Geri Gay, »The Laptop and the Lecture: The Effects of Multitask- ing in Learning Environments«, Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 15, št. 1 (september 2003): 46-64.

      12. Lori Bergen, Tom Grimes in Deborah Potter, »Hov/ Attention Partitions Itself during Simultaneous Message Presentations«, Human Communication Research, 31, št. 3 (julij 2005): 311-36.

      13. Sweller, Instructional Design, 137-47.

      14. K. Renaud, J. Ramsay in M. Hair, »'You've Got Email!' Shalf I Dea 1 with It Now?«, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 21, št. 3 (2006): 313-32.

      15. Glej na primer J. Gregory Trafton in Christopher A. Monk, »Task Interruptions«, Re- views of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 3 (2008): 111-26. Raziskovalci so prepričani, da pogoste motnje vodijo do možganske preobremenitve in oslabijo nastajanje spominov.

      16. Maggie Jackson, Distracted: The Erosion of Attention and the Corning Dark Age (Am- herst, NY: Prometheus, 2008), 79.

'•SsSS

      1. Karin Foerde, Barbara J. Knowlton in Russell A. Poldrack, »Modulation of Completing Memory Systems by Distraction«, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 103, št. 3j (1. avgust 2006): 11778-83; in »Multi-Tasking Adversely Affects Brains Learning«, izjava za javnost Kalifornijske univerze, 7. julij 2005.

      2. Christopher F. Chabris, »You Have Too Much Mail«, Wall Street Journal, 15. december 2008. Poudarek je v izvirniku.

      3. Sav Shrestha in Kelsi Lenz, »Eye Gaze Patterns While Searching vs. Browsing a Web- site«, Usability News, 9, št. 1 (januar 2007), www.surl.org/usabilitynews/91/eyegaze.asp.

      4. Jakob Nielsen, »F-Shaped Pattern for Reading Web Content«, Alertbox, 17. april 2006 www.useit.com/alertbox/reading_pattern.html.

      5. Jakob Nielsen, »How Little Do Users Read?«, Alertbox, 6. maj 2008, www.useit.com/ alertbox/percent-text-read.html.

      6. Harald Weinreich, Hartmut Obendorf, Eelco Herder in Matthias Mayer, »Not Quite the Average: An Empirical Study of Web Use«, ACM Transactions on the Web, 2, št. 1 (2008).

      7. Jakob Nielsen, »How Users Read on the Web«, Alertbox, 1. oktober 1997, www.useit. com/alertbox/9710a.html

      8. »Puzzling Web Habits across the Globe«, spletni dnevnik ClickTale, 31. julij 2008, www. clicktale.com/2008/07/31/puzzling-web-habits-across-the-globe-part-I/.

      9. University College London, »Information Behaviour of the Researcher of the Future«, 11. januar 2008, www.ucl.ac.uk/slais/research/civer/downloads/ggexecutive.pdf.

      10. Merzenich, »Going Googly«.

      11. Ziming Liu, »Reading Behavior in the Digital Environment«, Journal ofDocumentation, 61, št. 6 (2005): 700-712.

      12. Shawn Green in Daphne Bavelier, »Action Video Game Modifies Visual Selective Atten- tion«, Nature, 423 (29. maj 2003): 534-37.

      13. Elizabeth Sillence, Pam Briggs, Peter Richard Harris in Lesley Fishvrick, »How Do Pa- tients Evaluate and Make Use of Online Health Information?«, Social Science and Medicine, 64, št. 9 (maj 2007): 1853-62.

      14. Klingberg, Overflowing Brain, 115-24.

'16 Small in Vorgan, iBrain, 21.

        1. Sam Anderson, »In Defense of Distraction«, New York, 25. maj 2009.

        2. Navedeno v Don Tapscott, Grown Up Digital (New York: Mc Graw-Hill, 2009), 108-09.

        3. Navedeno v Jackson, Distracted> 79-80.

        4. Navedeno v Sharon Begley in Janeen Interlandi, »The Dumbest Generation? Dont Be Dumb«, Newsweek, 2. junij 2008. *

        5. Lucius Annaeus Seneka, Pisma prijatelju Luciliju, prev. Fran Bradač (Ljubljana: Modrijan, 2004), 9.

        6. Patricia M. Greenfield, »Technology and Informational Education: What Is Taught, What Is Learned«, Science, 323, št. 5910 (2. januar 2009): 69-71.

        7. Eyal Ophir, Clifford Nass in Anthony D. Wagner, »Cognitive Control in Media Multi- taskers«, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24. avgust 2009, www.pnas.org/con- tent/early/2009/08/21/0903620106.full.pdf. Glej tudi Adam Gorlick, »Media Multitaskers Pay Mental Priče, Stanford Study Shows«, Stanford Report> 24. avgust 2009, http://news.stanford. edu/news/2009/august24/multitask- research-study-082409.html.

        8. Michael Merzenich, intervju z avtorjem, 11. september 2009.

        9. James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL. D. (London: Bell, 1889), 331-32.

stranska pot • o zviševanju rezultatov testov inteligentnosti

          1. Don Tapscott, Grown Up Digital (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009), 291.

          2. College Board, »PSAT/NMSQT Data & Reports«, http://professionals.collegeboard. com/data-reports-research/psat.

          3. Naomi S. Baron, Always On: Language in an Online and Mobile World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 202.

          4. David Schneider, »Smart as We Can Get?«, American Scientist, julij-avgust 2006.

          5. James R. Flynn, »Requiem for Nutrition as the Cause of IQ Gains: Raven's Gains in Bri- tain 1938-2008«, Economics and Human Biology, 7, št. 1 (marec 2009): 18-27.

          6. Nekateri sodobni bralci bi lahko menili, da se je Flynn izrazil nekoliko brezčutno. Sam izbiro besed pojasnjuje takole: »Smo v prehodnem obdobju, v katerem izraz 'umsko zaostal' vse večkrat zamenjujemo z 'umsko prizadet' v upanju, da bomo našli besede, ki ne bodo zvenele tako slabšalno. Starejši izraz sem ohranil zaradi jasnosti, pa tudi zato, ker je zgodovina pokazala, da se slabšalen prizvok tako ali tako preprosto prenese z ene oznake na drugo.« James R. Flynn, What Is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect (Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 2007), 9-10.

          7. Prav tam, 9.

          8. Prav tam, 172-73.

          9. »The World Is Getting Smarter«, Intelligent Life, december 2007. Glej tudi Matt Nipert, »Eureka!« New Zealand Listener, 6.-12. oktober 2007.

          10. Patricia M. Greenfield, »Technology and Informal Education: What Is Taught, What Is Learned«, Science, 323, št. 5910 (2. januar 2009): 69-71.

          11. Denise Gellene, »IQs Rise, but Are We Brighter?«, Los Angeles Times, 27. oktober 2007.

Osem Googlova cerkev

            1. Za zgodbo o Taylorjevem življenju glej Robert Kanigel, One Best Way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma ofEfficiency (New York: Viking, 1997).

            2. Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management (New York: Harper, 1911), 25.

            3. Prav tam, 7.

            4. Google Inc. Press Day Webcast, 10. maj 2006, http://google.client.shareholder.com/Visi- tors/event/build2/MediaPresentation.cfm?MediaID-20263 8rPlayer= 1.

            5. Marissa Mayer, »Google I/O '08 Keynote«, YouTube, 5. junij 2008, www.youtube.com/ watch?v=6xocAzQ7PVs.

Bala Iyer in Thomas H. Davenport, »Reverse Engineering Google's Innovation Ma- chine«, Harvard Business Reviev/, april 2008.

            1. Anne Aula in Kerry Rodden, »Eye-Tracking Studies: More than Meets the Eye«, Official

Google Blog, 6. februar 2009, http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/02/eye-tracking-studies

more-than-meets.html.



            1. Helen Walters, »Googles Irene Au: On Design Challenges«, BusinessWeek, 18. marec 2009

            2. Mayer, »Google I/O '08 Keynote«.

            3. Laura M. Holson, »Putting a Bolder Face on Google«, New York Times, 28. februar 2009

            4. Neil Postman, Technopoly: The Surrender ofCulture to Technology (New York: Vintage 1993), 51.

            5. Ken Auletta, Googled: The End ofthe World as We KnowIt (New York: Penguin, 2009), 22

            6. Google, »Informacije o družbi: Pregled podjetja«, 2011, http://googlecom.ubik.net/intl/ sl/corporate/.

            7. Kevin J. Delaney in Brooks Barnes, »For Soaring Google, Next Act Won't Be So Easy« ' Wall Street Journal, 30. junij 2005.

            8. Google, »Informacije o družbi: Pregled tehnologije«, 2011, http://googlecom.ubik.net/ intl/sl/corporate/tech.html.

            9. Academy of Achievement, »Interview: Larry Page«, 28. oktober 2000, www.achieve- ment.org/autodoc/page/pageoint-I.

            10. John Battelle, Iskanje: kako so Google in njegovi tekmeci na novo napisali pravila posla in preoblikovali našo kulturo, prev. Živa Verbič (Ljubljana: Pasadena, 2010), 68.

            11. Prav tam.

            12. Glej Google, »Google Milestones«, brez datuma, www.google.com/corporate/history. html.

            13. Sergey Brin in Lawrence Page, »The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine«, Computer Networks, 30 (1. april 1998): 107-17.

            14. Walters, »Googles Irene Au«.

            15. Mark Zuckerberg, »Improving Your Ability to Share and Connect«, spletni dnevnik Facebook, 4. marec 2009, http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=57822962130.

            16. Saul Hansell, »Google Keeps Tweaking Its Search Engine«, New York Times, 3. junij 2007.

            17. Brennon Slattery, »Google Caffeinates Its Search Engine«, PC World, 11. avgust 2009, www.pc worl d. com/articl e/169989.

            18. Nicholas Carlson, »Google Co-Founder Larry Page Has Twitter-Envy«, Sillicon Alley Insider, 19. maj 2009, www.businessinsider.com/google-cofounder-larry-page-has-twitteren- vy-2009-5.

            19. Kit Eaton, »Developers Start to Surf Google Wave, and Love It«, Fast Company, 21. julij 2009, www.fastcompany.com/blog7kit-eaton/technomix/developers-stert-surf-google-wave- and-love-it.

            20. Doug Caverly, »New Report Slashes YouTube Loss Estimate by $300M«, WebProNews, 17. junij 2009, www.webpronews.eom/topnews/2009/06/17/new-report-slashes-youtube- Ioss-estimate-by-300m.

            21. Richard MacManus, »Store 100%-Googles Golden Copy«, ReadWriteWeb, 5. marec 2006, www.readwriteweb.com/archives/store_100_googl.php.

            22. Jeffrey Toobin, »Googles Moon Shot«, New Yorker, 5. februar 2007.

            23. Jen Grant, »Judging Book Search by Its Cover«, Official Google Blog, 17. november 2005, http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/ll/judging-book-search-by-its-cover.html.

            24. Glej ameriški patent št. 7508978.

            25. Google, »History of Google Books«, brez datuma, http://books.google.com/google- [,ooks/history. html.

            26. Authors Guild, »Authors Guild Sues Google, Citing 'Massive Copyright Infringement'«, jZjava za javnost, 20. september 2005.

34Eric Schmidt, »Books of Revelation«, Wall Street Journal, 18. oktober 2005.

              1. U. S. District Court, Southern District of New York, »Settlement Agreement: The Authors Guild, Inc., Association of American Publishers, Inc., et al., Plaintiffs, v. Google Inc., pefendant«, primer št. 05 CV 8136-JES, 28. oktober 2008.

              2. American Library Association, »Library Association Comments on the Proposed Settlement«, vloženo na ameriškem okrožnem sodišču v Južnem okrožju New Yorka, primer št. 05 CV 8136-DC, 4. maj 2009.

              3. Robert Darnton, »Google and the Future of Books«, New York Review of Books, 12, februar 2009.

              4. Robert Koman, »Google, Books and the Nature ofEvil«, spletni dnevnik ZDNet Government, 30. april 2009, http://government.zdnet.com/?p=4725.

              5. Naslednja zgodba lahko naznanja prihodnost. Prestižna pripravljalna šola v Massa- chusettsu, Cushing Academy, je leta 2009 oznanila, da bo iz svoje knjižnice odstranila vse knjige in jih nadomestila z namiznimi računalniki, ploskimi televizijskimi zasloni in množico bralnikov Kindle ter drugih elektronskih bralnikov. Ravnatelj šole James Tracy je dejal, da je jcnjižnica brez knjig »model za šolo enaindvajsetega stoletja«. David Abel, »Welcome to the Library. Say Goodbye to the Books«, Boston Globe, 4. september 2009.

'10 Alexandra Alter, »The Next Age of Discovery«, Wall Street Journal, 8. maj 2009.

                1. Adam Mathes, »Collect, Share, and Discover Books«, Official Google Blog, 6. september 2007, http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/09/collect-share-and-discover-books.html.

                2. Manas Tungare, »Share and Enjoy«, spletni dnevnik Inside Google Books, 6. september 2007, http://booksearch.blogspot.com/2007/08/share-and-enjoy.html.

                3. Bili Schilit in Okan Kolak, »Dive into the Meme Pool with Google Book Search«, spletni dnevnik Inside Google Books, 6. september 2007, http;//booksearch.blogspot.com/2007/09/ dive-mto-ineme-pool-witjvgoogle-book.html; in Diego Puppin, »Explore a Bookin 10 Seconds«, spletni dnevnik Inside Google Books, 1. julij 2009, http://booksearch.blogspot.com/2009/06/ explore-book-in-10-seconds.html.

                4. Odlomki iz Hawthornovih zapiskov so navedeni v Julian Hawthorne, Nathaniel Haw- thorne and His Wife, A Biography, I (Boston: James R. Osgood, 1885), 498-503.

                5. Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 28-29. .

                6. Navedeno v Will Durant in Ariel Durant, The Age ofReason Begins (New York: Simon &Schuster, 1961), 65.

                7. Vannevar Bush, »As We May Think«, Atlantic Monthly, julij 1945,

                8. David M. Levy, »To Grow in Wisdom: Vannevar Bush, Information Overload, and the Life of Leisure«, Proceedings of the 5!h ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 2005, 281-86.

                9. Prav tam.

                10. Ralph Waldo Emerson, »Books«, Atlantic Monthly, januar 1858.

                11. Larry Page, ključni nagovor pred letno konferenco AAAS, San Francisco, 16 2007, http://news.cnet.com/1606-2_3-6160334.html. FUar

                12. Academy of Achievement, »Interview: Larry Page«.

                13. Rachael Hanley, »From Googol to Google: Co-founder Returns«, Stanford Dailv n februar 2003.

                14. Academy of Achievement, »Interview: Larry Page«.

                15. Steven Levy, »Ali Eyes on Google«, Newsweek, 12. april 2004.

                16. Spencer Michaels, »The Search Engine That Could«, NewsHour with Jim Lehrer 29 november 2002.

                17. Glej Richard MacManus, »Full Text of Google Analyst Day Powerpoint Notes«, spletni dnevnik Web 2.0 Explorer, 7. marec 2006, http://blogs.zdnet.com/web2explorer/?p= 132.

                18. Navedeno v Jean-Pierre Dupuy, On the Origins of Cognitive Science: The Mechanization of the Mind (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009), xiv.

                19. George B. Dyson, Darwin among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1997), 10.

                20. George Dyson, »Turing s Cathedral«, Edge, 24. oktober 2005, www.edge.org/3rd cul- ture/dyson05/dyson_05index.html.

                21. Greg Jarboe, »A 'Fireside Chat' with Googles Sergey Brin«, Search Engine Watch, 16 oktober 2003, http://searchenginewatch.com/3081081.

                22. Glej Pamela McCorduk, Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the Historyand Prospects of Artificial Intelligence (Natick, MA: Peters, 2004), 111.

                23. Lewis Mumford, The Myth of the Machine: Technics and Human Development (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1967), 29.

                24. David G. Stork, ur., HALs Legacy: 2001 i Computer as Dream and Reality (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996), 165-66.

                25. John von Neumann, The Computer and the Brain, 2. izd. (New Haven, CT: Yale Univer- sity Press, 2000), 82. Poudarek je v izvirniku.

                26. Ari N. Schulman, »Why Minds Are Not Like Computers«, New Atlantis, zima 2009.

Devet Išči, spomin

                  1. Navedeno v AJberto Manguel, Zgodovina branja, prev. Nada Grošelj (Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, 2007), 67.

                  2. Umberto Eco, »From Internet to Gutenberg«, predavanje na Italijanski akademiji za napredne študije v Ameriki Univerze Columbia, 12. november 1996, www.umbertoeco.com/ from-internet-to-gutenberg-1996.html.

                  3. Navedeno v Ann Moss, Printed Commonplace-Books and the Structuring ofRenaissance Thought (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 102-4.

                  4. Erika Rummel, »Erasmus, Desiderius«, v Philosophy of Education, ur. J. J. Chambliss (New York: Garland, 1996), 198.

                  5. Navedeno v Moss, Printed Commonplace-Books, 12.

                  6. Ann Moss piše, da »so bile vsakdanje knjige [v renesansi] del prve intelektualne izkušnje vsakega učenca«. Printed Commonplace-Books, viii.

7 Francis Bacon, The Works of Francis Bacon, 4, ur. James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ejlis in pottglas Denon Health (London: Longman, 1858), 435.

»Naomi S. Baron, Always On: Language in an Online andMobile World (Oxford: Oxford yniversity Press, 2008), 197.

? Clive Thompson, »Your Outboard Brain Knows Ali«, Wired, oktober 2007.

19 David Brooks, »The Outsourced Brain«, New York Times, 26. oktober 2007,

ti peter Suderman, »Your Brain Is an Index«, American Scene, 10. maj 2009, www.theame- (jcanscene.com/2009/05/1 l/your-brain-is-an-index.



|Z Alexandra Frean, »Google Generation Has No Need for Rote Learning«, Times (London), 7 december 2008; in Don Tapscott, Grown Up Digital (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009), 115.

                    1. Avguštin, svetnik, Izpovedi, prev. Anton Sovre (Celje: Mohorjeva družba, 2003), 204.

                    2. William James, Talks to Teachers on Psychology: And to Students on Some of Lifes Ideals (HewYork: Holt, 1906), 143.

                    3. Glej Eric R. Kandel, In Search ofMemory: The Emergence ofa New Science ofMind (New y0rk: Norton, 2006), 208-10.

                    4. Prav tam, 210-11.

                    5. Louis B. Flexner, Josefa B. Flexner in Richard B. Roberts, »Memory in Mice Analyzed ffith Antibiotics«, Science, 155 (1967): 1377-83.

1B Kandel, In Search ofMemory, 221.

  1. Prav tam, 214-15.

  2. Prav tam, 221.

  3. Prav tam, 276.

21 Prav tam.

    1. Prav tam, 132.

    2. Do njegove smrti leta 2008 so Molaisona v znanstveni literaturi imenovali H. M.

    3. Glej Larry R. Squire in Pablo Alvarez, »Retrograde Amnesia and Memory Consolida- tion: A Neurobiological Perspective«, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 5 (1995): 169-77.

    4. Daniel J. Siegel, The DevelopingMind (New York: Guliford, 2001), 37-38.

    5. Leta 2009 so francoski in ameriški raziskovalci odkrili dokaze o tem, da kratko, intenzivno nihanje, ki ga je moč zaznati v hipokampusu med spanjem, igra pomembno vlogo pri shranjevanju spominov v korteksu. Ko so raziskovalci v možganih podgan nihanja zaustavili, podgane niso mogle utrditi dolgoročnih prostorskih spominov. Gabrielle Girardeau, Karim Benchenane, Sidney I. Wiener idr., »Selective Suppression of Hippocampal Ripples Impairs Spatial Memory«, Nature Neuroscience, 13. september 2009, www.nature.com/neuro/journal/ vaop/ncurrent/abs/nn.2384.html.

    6. Univerza v Haifi, »Researchers Identified a Protein 'Essential in Long Term Memory Consolidation«, Physorg.com, 9. september 2008, www.physorg.com/newsl40173258.html.

    7. Glej Jonah Lehrer, Proust Was a Neuroscientist (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2007), 84-85.

    8. Joseph LeDoux, Synaptic Self. How Our Brains Become Who We Are (New York: Pen- guin, 2002), 161.

    9. Nelson Cowan, Working Memory Capacity (New York: Psychology Press, 2005), 1.

    10. Torkel Klingberg, The Overflowing Brain: Information Overload and the Limits of Work- ingMemory, v angl. prev. Niel Betteridge (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 36.

    11. Sheila E. Crowell, »The Neurobioiogy of Declarative Memory«, v John H. Schurnann Sheila E. Crowell, Nancy E. Jones idr., The Neurobiology of Learning: Perspectivesfrom Second Language Acquisition (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2004), 76.

    12. Glej na primer Ray Hembree in Donald J. Dessart, »Effects of Handheld Calculators in Precollege Mathematics Education: A Meta-analysis«, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 17, št. 2 (1986): 83-99.

    13. Kandel, In Search ofMemory, 210.

    14. Navedeno v Maggie Jackson, Distracted: The Erosion of Attention and the Corning Dark Age (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2008), 242.

    15. Kandel, In Search ofMemory, 312-15,

    16. David Foster Wallace, This Is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion About Living a Compassionate Life (New York: Little, Brown, 2009), 54 in 123.

    17. Ari N. Schulman, dopis avtorju, 7. junij 2009.

    18. Lea Winerman, »The Culture of Memory«, Monitor on Psychology, 36, št. 8 (september 2005): 56.

    19. Pascal Boyer in James V. Wertsch, ur., Memory in Mind and Culture (New York; Cambridge University Press, 2009), 7 in 288.

    20. Richard Foreman, »The Pancake People, or, 'The Gods Are Pounding My Head5«, Edge, 8. marec 2005, www.edge.org/3rd_culture/foreman05/foreman05_index.html.

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