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covered with innumerable carpets. The vaults overlook the
courtyard in the midst of which is the cubic shaped Kaaba
whose cover is inlaid with gold. The rows of people who
stand in prayer face the Kaaba from all directions. The
Holy Mosque is the only mosque in the world that has
no prayer niche that faces the Qiblah, the direction of the
Sacred Mosque.
The Kaaba is erected on a building that goes back to the
time of Prophet Abraham, peace be upon him. Throughout
its long history, it was rebuilt several times; it size and the
number of its doors have changed and once it caught fire.
The Black Stone, which is one and a half meters above
the floor and which is fixed on its eastern corner was also
broken into three parts. Then the parts were collected,
gathered, tied with a wide pure silver band and fixed at
the place where Prophet Abraham used to pray. It has an
oval shape; its color is between red, brown and black with
yellow parts. Its diameter is about 17 centimeters and
has a twisting surface. Its front part is glossy and shining
as a result of the billions of the touches and kisses of
pilgrims.
It is well known that the Kaaba used to be covered
with a kiswa (covering), whose color and fabric were
according to the taste of those under whose protection
it was. These included the rulers of Egypt, Turkey or
Yemen. In the early days of Islam, it was white and red
and was sewn with embroidered cloth. During the rule of
the Ottoman Empire the kiswa was made of cotton and
silk. But it was always decorated and embroidered with
Arabian decorations and verses from the Quran engraved
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in golden and silver threads. The present kiswa was made
at a special factory that was inaugurated in 1975 and was
given as a present by the ruling King Fahd at a cost of 5
million dollars (it is hand-embroidered by men only).
The Zamzam Spring was also restored and reconditioned.
A plastic bottles factory was also established at the
expense of the King. During the pilgrimage season cold
bottles of Zamzam water would be distributed among the
thirsty pilgrims. Hundreds of washing basins were also
built for the comfort of pilgrims. The name “Zamzam”
has originated from the ancient story of the Angel Gabriel
whom God sent to Hagar and her son Ishmael, who were
about to die of thirst and struck the ground with his wing
as a result of which fresh potable water gushed at the feet
of the child. When Hagar saw this miracle she exclaimed
“zam zam”, a verb meaning keep flowing. Since then, the
water has never stopped gushing from this noble spring for
the last four thousand years. Pilgrims have traditionally
drank this water and poured it over their heads, bellies and
backs. Then they take a sip and invoke Almighty God in
supplication.
After the rites of devotion, the population go back home
and the streets and roads become empty. But at the main
plaza round the Mosque, ecstatic believers keep walking,
swimming in a sea of light that floods the main Mosque. It
is such that the hundreds of lit windows on the surrounding
hills appear as faint spots. I have never flown over Mecca;
but I can imagine the beauty that is revealed to travelers
from the sky if they happen to look down at the proper
time. I can imagine the scene like a brace surrounded by a
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field of soft lights on the bosom of the earth.
At a distance of 400 kilometers to the north of Mecca,
in a large oasis, is situated the City of the Prophet, peace
be upon him, the cradle of Islam and the spring of light. It
is the second holy City in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Its 1.5 million population comprise various races. The
date of its establishment is not known. But what we are
historically interested in begins in September of the year
622, the year of the migration of Prophet Muhammad,
peace be upon him.
At that time, Prophet Muhammad and his followers
were forced to leave Mecca and travel a distance of
363 kilometers through the desert. At the entrance of
the City, its people gave a warm and bright welcome to
the newcomers . At the place where the Prophet’s camel
stopped, he had the Qiba Mosque built, the first Islamic
mosque in the history of humanity (at the time it was a
small building of mud and straw).
Every one in the city would have liked to play host to
such an important guest. But the Prophet did not wish to
offend anyone; so he said he would stop where the camel
would stop and be the guest of the owner of the house
situated at that place.
At this place, he later on built his own residence.
Throughout the following years, he received the
revelation which had started in Mecca and continued in
Medina through the Angel Gabriel, who brought down the
teachings of Islam and gave the good tidings to people of
the religion of Islam (submission to the will of God) and
his followers came to be known as “Muslims” (those who
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have surrendered to the will of God).
Eight years after his migration, Muhammad returned to
Mecca victorious and purified the House of God from the
idols. In the year 632, after a short sickness, the Prophet
died at his residence, and after some time the original
Mosque was extended and expanded several times to
become one of the most sacred places for all Muslims –
the Mosque of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
Since the beginning of the implementation of the
colossal plans for the modernization of the two Holy Cities
and under the close supervision of the Custodian of the
Two Holy Mosques and his two brothers, Crown Prince
Abdullah and Prince Sultan, the Medina Munawwara, and
particularly its main Mosque, have received more extended
and original repairs and modernization than even Mecca
itself. Today, it looks as if it was a newly born city. Thus,
it now has an airport that can receive all sorts of aircraft,
a health center that is fully and magnificently equipped,
an ultra-modern sports complex, high rising buildings,
beautiful parks, wide streets and a network of roads and
highways that are comparable to any modern network in
the world. Water was brought to the city through pipes
that crossed the desert and the mountains of the Red
Sea coasts from a distance of 220 kilometers where the
desalination plants are situated. This has given a strong
impetus to the development of various industries. The
plaza was emptied and all old buildings were pulled down
and three ring roads were dug round the Mosque. Tunnels
and bridges were also established to facilitate access not
only to the Mosque but to all the landmarks of the city
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