31
4.1. Rh hemolitik hastalığın yönetimi
Doğum öncesi yapılacaklar
0 Rh (-) eritrosit suspansiyonu, AB plazma + 0 (-) eritrosit
hazırlatılır. Doğum odasında kan değişimi yapacak şekilde
hazırlanılır ve IVIG temin edilir. Canlandırma konusunda
deneyimli bir ekip ile doğuma girilir.
Doğar doğmaz; yoğun fototerapi başlanır, IVIG verilir.
• Kordon Hb
<10 g/dl ve TB >6 mg/dl > Kan değişimi
106
• TB artış hızı
>0.5 mg/dl/st > Kan değişimi
106
• Kordon Hb
<10 g/dl > Aşağıdaki formüle göre anemi
için kan değişimi
106
Eritrosit süsp (ml)= Kan hacmi (ml) x (İstenen Hct-Ölçülen Hct)
(%75 - ölçülen Hct)
Kan hacmi: 85 ml/kg
İstenen Hct: %45
Eritrosit süsp Hct: %75
4.2. İlk 24 saatte ortaya çıkan sarılıkta tedavi prensipleri
İlk 24 saatte çıkan sarılık her zaman patolojiktir. STB düzeyi
alınır ve FT başlanır.
İlk 24 saatte kan değişimi endikasyonları:
38 hafta ve üzerinde doğan bebeklerde
a. Kord bilirubini bakılmış ve bilirubin düzeyi
>6 mg/dl ise
kan değişimi için hazırlık yapılırken yoğun fototerapi
başlanır. Bu sınır 6. saatte 9 mg/dl, 12. saatte 12 mg/dl,
18. saatte 15 mg/dl’dir. 24 saat ve üzerinde AAP’ye göre
hareket edilir.
b. Yoğun fototerapiye rağmen bilirubin düzeyi saatte 0.5 mg/
dl’nin üzerinde yükseliyorsa kan değişimi yapılır.
c. Bilirubin yükselme hızı 0.5 mg/dl’nin altındaysa yoğun
fototerapiye devam edilir.
d. Gerekirse IVIG verilir (bakınız farmakolojik tedavi AAP
önerileri)
38 haftanın altında doğan bebeklerde:
a. Kord bilirubini bakılmış ve bilirubin düzeyi
>2.5 mg/dl
fototerapi başlanır.
b. Kord bilirubini bakılmış ve bilirubin düzeyi
>5 mg/dl ise
kan değişimi için hazırlık yapılırken yoğun fototerapi
başlanır.
c. Yoğun fototerapiye rağmen bilirubin düzeyi saatte 0.5 mg/
dl’nin üzerinde yükseliyorsa kan değişimi yapılır (Tablo 7).
d. Gerekirse IVIG verilir (bakınız farmakolojik tedavi AAP
önerileri)
4. ÖZEL DURUMLAR
32
1.
Intrauterin dönemde etkilenmiş Rh uyuşmazlığı
olan bebeklerde, doğum öncesinde 0 Rh (-) eritrosit
suspansiyonu ve AB plazma + 0 (-) eritrosit hazırlatılır.
Gerekirse doğum odasında kan değişimi yapılır.
2.
Doğar doğmaz; yoğun fototerapi başlanır, IVIG verilir.
3.
Kordondan hemoglobin ve bilirubin düzeyi gönderilir.
4.
Hemoglobin, bilirubin düzeyi ve saatlik bilirubin düzeyi
artış hızına göre kan değişimine karar verilir.
5.
İlk 24 saatte çıkan sarılık her zaman patolojiktir.
6.
İlk 24 saatte kan değişimi kararına bilirubin düzeyinin
saatlik artış hızına göre karar verilir.
7.
Yoğun FT’ye rağmen bilirubinin saatlik artış hızı 0.5 mg/
kg/dl’nin üzerinde olan bebeklere kan değişimi uygulanır.
8.
Endikasyonu olan bebeklerde IVIG uygulanır.
Tablo 7.
38 haftanın altındaki bebeklerde ilk 24 saat içinde kan değişimi sınırları (71 nolu kaynaktan modifiye edilmiştir.)
Hafta
6. saat
12. saat
18. saat
23 – 28
5
6
7
29 – 33
6.5
9.5
12.5
34 – 37
8.5
11.5
13.5
34
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